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Blessy, a community health nurse is conducting an educational session with community members regarding tuberculosis. The nurse tells the group that one of the first symptoms associated with tuberculosis is:
- A. Dyspnea
- B. Chest pain
- C. A bloody, productive cough.
- D. Bronchoscopy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Chest pain. Chest pain can be one of the first symptoms of tuberculosis due to inflammation of the lung tissue or pleura. Dyspnea (A) typically occurs in later stages as the disease progresses. A bloody, productive cough (C) is a common symptom of tuberculosis but may not be one of the first symptoms. Bronchoscopy (D) is a diagnostic procedure and not a symptom of tuberculosis. In summary, chest pain is a common initial symptom due to lung inflammation, while the other choices are either later symptoms or unrelated diagnostic procedures.
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A client with bronchitis is admitted to the hospital. What would the nurse expect the admitting assessment NOT to reveal?
- A. Cough
- B. Bloody sputum
- C. Chest pain
- D. Bradycardia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Bradycardia. In bronchitis, the body typically responds to inflammation by increasing heart rate (tachycardia) to improve oxygen delivery. Bradycardia is not a common finding in bronchitis and would be unexpected. Choices A, B, and C are commonly associated with bronchitis due to the inflammation in the airways causing cough, production of bloody sputum, and chest pain. These symptoms are typical manifestations of bronchitis and would be expected in the admitting assessment.
The chief difference between Trachea and Bronchioles is
- A. Trachea lacks cartilage
- B. Bronchiole lacks cartilage
- C. Trachea is long
- D. Bronchiole is small
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Bronchiole lacks cartilage. The trachea is a part of the conducting airway that contains C-shaped cartilage rings for structural support, while bronchioles are smaller airways that lack cartilage. Bronchioles are primarily composed of smooth muscle, allowing for dynamic changes in airway diameter. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the trachea does contain cartilage, the length of the trachea does not differentiate it from bronchioles, and the size of the bronchioles alone does not define the chief difference between trachea and bronchioles.
The nurse is caring for a client who is one hour post cardiac catheterization. What task should the nurse delegate to a licensed practical/vocational nurse (LPN/VN)?
- A. Teach the patient about the post procedure plan of care.
- B. Perform the initial assessment of the catheter insertion site.
- C. Give the scheduled lipid-lowering medication.
- D. Titrate the diltiazem infusion according to the agency protocol.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Give the scheduled lipid-lowering medication. LPN/VNs can administer medications, including lipid-lowering drugs, under the supervision of a registered nurse. Teaching (choice A) requires a higher level of critical thinking and education, which is typically done by an RN. Performing an initial assessment (choice B) requires advanced assessment skills that an LPN/VN may not have. Titration of medications (choice D) involves adjusting dosages based on specific parameters, which is beyond the scope of practice for an LPN/VN.
The nurse is caring for a patient who has just returned to the unit after a colon resection. The patient is showing signs of hypoxia. The nurse knows that this is probably caused by what?
- A. Nitrogen narcosis
- B. Infection
- C. Impaired diffusion
- D. Shunting
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Shunting. Hypoxia after a colon resection is likely due to shunting, which is a condition where blood bypasses the normal oxygenation process in the lungs, leading to decreased oxygen levels in the blood. Shunting can occur due to factors such as collapsed alveoli or blood vessel blockages.
Nitrogen narcosis (A) is not related to hypoxia but rather occurs in scuba divers exposed to high partial pressures of nitrogen. Infection (B) may cause fever and inflammation but is not the primary cause of hypoxia in this scenario. Impaired diffusion (C) refers to issues with gas exchange in the alveoli and is not the most likely cause of hypoxia after a colon resection.
Diaphragm present in mammals is
- A. Membrane between external and middle ear
- B. Membrane around the brain
- C. Partition between the thoracic and abdominal cavities
- D. Membrane around lungs
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The diaphragm in mammals is a muscular structure that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities. This is essential for breathing as it contracts and relaxes to facilitate the movement of air into and out of the lungs. Therefore, the correct answer is C.
Choice A is incorrect because the membrane between the external and middle ear is called the eardrum or tympanic membrane. Choice B is incorrect as the membrane around the brain is the meninges. Choice D is incorrect as the membrane around the lungs is the pleura.