Nokea
Acyclovir has been ordered for a patient with genital herpes. Which nursing interventions are appropriate for this patient? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Monitor the patient’s blood urea nitrogen and creatinine.
- B. Monitor the patient’s blood pressure for hypertension.
- C. Administer intravenous acyclovir over 30 minutes.
- D. Advise maintenance of adequate fluid intake.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Acyclovir can cause nephrotoxicity, so monitoring blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels is essential. Hypertension is not a common side effect of acyclovir. Intravenous acyclovir should be administered over at least 1 hour to prevent renal toxicity. Adequate fluid intake helps prevent crystalluria and nephrotoxicity.
You may also like to solve these questions
An overwhelmed nursing student asks the instructor whether there are any tips that will make learning pharmacology easier. The instructor gives an example of the anticoagulant heparin. The instructor indicates that knowing heparin and comparing other drugs to it will facilitate learning the many anticoagulants. Which approach is the instructor using?
- A. Mechanism of action approach
- B. Generic name approach
- C. Trade name approach
- D. Prototype drug approach
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The prototype approach uses a representative drug like heparin to learn a class (anticoagulants), comparing others to its traits-mechanism, effects, side effects-simplifying study. Mechanism of action is narrower. Generic or trade names focus on nomenclature, not learning strategy. Prototype leverages a familiar example, a proven method for mastering drug groups.
ACE inhibitors…
- A. Block the vasoconstrictor and aldosterone from producing effects of angiotensin II at the receptor site
- B. Blocks stimulation of beta 1 and beta 2 at the receptor sites
- C. Blocks the conversion of angiotensin I to the vasoconstrictor angiotensin II
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: ACE inhibitors, such as enalapril and lisinopril, work by blocking the enzyme angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), which is responsible for converting angiotensin I into angiotensin II. By inhibiting this conversion, ACE inhibitors prevent the vasoconstrictor and aldosterone-stimulating effects of angiotensin II at the receptor sites. This leads to vasodilation, decreased blood pressure, and reduced aldosterone secretion. This mechanism of action makes ACE inhibitors an important class of medications for managing conditions such as hypertension, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease.
What is a side effect of Heparin?
- A. nausea
- B. diarrhea
- C. bleeding
- D. bronchospasms
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A common side effect of Heparin, which is an anticoagulant medication, is the risk of bleeding. Heparin works by preventing the formation of blood clots, which can lead to a bleeding risk as it inhibits the normal clotting process. Patients taking Heparin should be monitored closely for signs of bleeding, such as easy bruising, prolonged bleeding from minor cuts, or blood in the urine or stools. It is important for healthcare providers to closely monitor patients on Heparin therapy and adjust the dosage as needed to minimize the risk of excessive bleeding.
What is a side effect of Heparin?
- A. nausea
- B. diarrhea
- C. bleeding
- D. bronchospasms
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Heparin is an anticoagulant medication that works by preventing the formation of blood clots. One of the main side effects of heparin therapy is an increased risk of bleeding. Since heparin inhibits the body's ability to clot blood, it can lead to easy bruising, nosebleeds, gastrointestinal bleeding, or bleeding at the injection site. Patients on heparin therapy must be closely monitored for signs of bleeding, and their dosage may need to be adjusted to minimize this risk.
Morphine over dose is treated with_____
- A. Naloxone
- B. Vitamin K
- C. Time
- D. Grapefruit juice
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Morphine overdose is a medical emergency that can result in respiratory depression and potentially lead to death. Naloxone is a medication used to counteract the effects of opioids like morphine by binding to the same receptors in the brain and reversing the respiratory depression. Naloxone works quickly to restore normal breathing and consciousness in individuals who have overdosed on morphine. It is a critical intervention used to prevent fatal outcomes of opioid overdose, including morphine. Other options like Vitamin K, time, and grapefruit juice are not effective treatments for morphine overdose.