Nokea
Afferent nerves are called ______, and motor nerves are called ______.
- A. motor nerves; sensory nerves
- B. peripheral nerves; cranial nerves
- C. mixed nerves; motor nerves
- D. sensory nerves; efferent nerves
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Afferent nerves are sensory nerves that carry signals toward the CNS, while efferent nerves are motor nerves that carry signals away from the CNS. Motor nerves and sensory nerves are not interchangeable terms, making D the correct answer.
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During an assessment, Nurse Johnson observes Brudzinski's sign and Kernig's sign in a patient. She recognizes these as two classic indicators associated with a specific medical condition. Which disorder is Nurse Johnson likely considering based on these signs?
- A. Parkinson's disease
- B. Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
- C. Seizure disorder
- D. Meningitis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Brudzinski's sign and Kernig's sign are indicative of meningeal irritation, commonly seen in meningitis.
The home health nurse is caring for the client newly diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. Which client issue is of most importance?
- A. The client refuses to have a gastrostomy feeding.
- B. The client wants to discuss if she should tell her fiancé.
- C. The client tells the nurse life is not worth living anymore
- D. The client needs the flu and pneumonia vaccines.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Expressing feelings of hopelessness or suicidal ideation requires immediate intervention to ensure the client's safety and provide emotional support.
An increase in intra-ocular pressure occurs with:
- A. normal blinking
- B. coughing
- C. hypercarbia
- D. all above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Intraocular pressure increases during normal blinking, coughing, and hypercarbia due to changes in intrathoracic pressure and blood flow.
The upper motor neuron impairment produces the following change of muscles tone:
- A. flaccidity
- B. spasticity
- C. "cog wheel" rigidity
- D. myoclonia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Spasticity is the correct answer because upper motor neuron lesions typically result in increased muscle tone due to the loss of inhibitory signals from the brain. This leads to hyperreflexia, clonus, and rigidity, which are hallmark signs of spasticity. The condition arises from damage to the corticospinal tract, which disrupts the balance of excitatory and inhibitory inputs to the motor neurons.
Acetylcholine and norepinephrine act because of their affect on receptors at the ________ membrane.
- A. axonal
- B. cell body
- C. presynaptic
- D. postsynaptic
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Acetylcholine and norepinephrine exert their effects by binding to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane of neurons. When these neurotransmitters bind to their receptors, they trigger changes in the postsynaptic neuron's membrane potential, either exciting or inhibiting the neuron. This interaction is essential for transmitting signals across synapses and enabling communication within the nervous system.