Nokea
After a closed head injury, the unconscious 10-year-old child begins to excrete copious amounts of pale urine with an attendant drop in blood pressure (BP). Based on these symptoms, what does the nurse suspect has developed?
- A. Diabetes insipidus
- B. Diabetes mellitus
- C. Hypothyroidism
- D. Hyperthyroidism
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Diabetes insipidus, often triggered by head injury, causes copious urine output and can lead to dehydration and low BP.
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The nurse is discussing insulin shock with parents of a child recently diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. What will the nurse respond when the parents ask why children are more prone to insulin reactions? (Select all that apply.)
- A. The condition is more unstable in children.'
- B. Parents are often noncompliant.'
- C. The activities are irregular.'
- D. They are still growing.'
- E. Sleep patterns are not established.'
Correct Answer: A,C,D
Rationale: Children are more prone to insulin reactions due to unstable condition, irregular activities, and growth.
When discussing possible causes of diabetes in children, the nurse mentions chromosomal defects. Which chromosomes are associated with diabetes? (Select all that apply.)
- A. 6
- B. 7
- C. 12
- D. 20
- E. 21
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D
Rationale: Defects in chromosomes 6, 7, 12, and 20 are associated with diabetes mellitus syndrome.
What statement by a parent leads the nurse to determine a parent is administering levothyroxine (Synthroid) correctly?
- A. I stopped giving the medication because my daughter was losing her hair.'
- B. I am using a different brand now because it costs less money.'
- C. I don't give the medication on the weekends.'
- D. I give the medication at 8:00 AM every day.'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Synthroid should be given at the same time each day, preferably in the morning, for consistent therapeutic effect.
Which general dietary measure should the nurse include in a teaching plan for the child with type 1 diabetes mellitus?
- A. Control intake of carbohydrates and consume fewer calories.
- B. Focus on complex carbohydrates and eat foods high in fiber.
- C. Obtain most calories from proteins and fats.
- D. Eat a diet low in fat and low in complex carbohydrates.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nutritional needs of a child with diabetes mellitus focus on complex carbohydrates and high-fiber foods to help manage blood glucose levels.
What makes keeping diabetes in control in an adolescent difficult? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Hormonal changes
- B. Developmental conflicts
- C. Preference for fast food
- D. Growth spurts
- E. Knowledge of disease
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D
Rationale: Hormonal changes, developmental conflicts, fast food preferences, and growth spurts complicate diabetes management in adolescents.