Nokea
After administering a medication, for what would the nurse assess the patient?
- A. Drug effects
- B. Allergies
- C. Pregnancy
- D. Preexisting conditions
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: After the medication is administered, the nurse assesses the patient for drug affects, both therapeutic and adverse. The nurse would assess the patient for allergies, preexisting conditions, and pregnancy before administering a medication.
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Activation of central alpha2 receptors results in inhibition of cardio acceleration and centers in the brain.
- A. Vasodilation
- B. Vasoconstriction
- C. Cardiovascular
- D. Respiratory
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Alpha2 receptor activation (e.g., by clonidine) causes vasoconstriction and reduced sympathetic outflow.
The nurse uses what term to describe the drug level required to have a therapeutic effect?
- A. Critical concentration
- B. Dynamic equilibrium
- C. Selective toxicity
- D. Active transport
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A critical concentration of a drug must be present before a reaction occurs within the cells to bring about the desired therapeutic effect. A dynamic equilibrium is obtained from absorption of a drug from the site of drug entry, distribution to the active site, metabolism in the liver, and excretion from the body to have a critical concentration. Selective toxicity is the ability of a drug to attach only to those systems found in foreign cells. Active transport is the process that uses energy to actively move a molecule across a cell membrane and is often involved in drug excretion in the kidney.
Oral rehydration solution has been employed in following EXCEPT:
- A. Severe vomiting
- B. Burn cases
- C. Heat stroke
- D. Diarrhoea
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Oral rehydration solution (ORS) is used in diarrhea, burns, and heat stroke to replace fluids and electrolytes, but severe vomiting limits its effectiveness due to inability to retain it.
The ganglion blocking drugs act by
- A. Competing with acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions
- B. Preventing release of acetylcholine
- C. Preventing nerve conduction in post ganglionic segment
- D. Preventing catecholamine release or inactivating it
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ganglion blockers (e.g., hexamethonium) prevent acetylcholine release at ganglia.
A classic drug interaction resulting in an increased bleeding time, involves warfarin and:
- A. Vitamin B6
- B. Aspirin
- C. Folic acid
- D. Rifampin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Aspirin inhibits platelet aggregation, enhancing warfarin's anticoagulant effect and increasing bleeding risk.