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After change-of-shift report, which patient should the nurse assess first?
- A. 19-year-old with type 1 diabetes who was admitted with possible dawn phenomenon
- B. 35-year-old with type 1 diabetes whose most recent blood glucose reading was 230 mg/dL
- C. 60-year-old with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome who has poor skin turgor and dry oral mucosa
- D. 68-year-old with type 2 diabetes who has severe peripheral neuropathy and complains of burning foot pain
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because the patient with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome showing signs of poor skin turgor and dry oral mucosa is at risk for severe dehydration and potential complications. Assessing this patient first is crucial to address their immediate needs.
Choice A is incorrect as the 19-year-old with possible dawn phenomenon can be assessed after the patient with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome who is at higher risk.
Choice B is incorrect as a blood glucose reading of 230 mg/dL in a 35-year-old with type 1 diabetes is high but not indicative of an immediate life-threatening situation compared to severe dehydration.
Choice D is incorrect as the 68-year-old with peripheral neuropathy and foot pain, while in discomfort, does not present an immediate threat to their life like severe dehydration does in a patient with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome.
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Which statement to a patient newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes is correct?
- A. Complications of type 2 diabetes are less serious than those of type 1 diabetes.
- B. Insulin is not used to control blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes.
- C. Changes in diet and exercise may control blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes.
- D. Type 2 diabetes is usually diagnosed when the patient is admitted with a hyperglycemic coma.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step 1: In type 2 diabetes, the body either becomes resistant to insulin or doesn't produce enough insulin.
Step 2: Diet and exercise can help improve insulin sensitivity and control blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes.
Step 3: Medications may also be prescribed if diet and exercise alone are not effective.
Step 4: Insulin therapy may be necessary in some cases but is not the first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes.
Step 5: Complications of type 2 diabetes can be serious and include cardiovascular issues, neuropathy, and kidney disease.
Step 6: Type 2 diabetes is typically diagnosed through blood tests, not by admission with a hyperglycemic coma.
Summary:
Choice A is incorrect because complications can be severe in type 2 diabetes. Choice B is incorrect as insulin may be used in some cases. Choice D is incorrect as type 2 diabetes is usually diagnosed through blood tests. Choice C is correct as diet and exercise play a
When planning care for a client with vision loss, which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care to assist the client with feeding?
- A. Arrange food in a consistent pattern on the client's plate
- B. Thicken liquids on the client's tray
- C. Provide small-handled utensils for the client
- D. Assign a staff member to feed the client
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Arrange food in a consistent pattern on the client's plate. This intervention is crucial for a client with vision loss as it helps them locate and distinguish different food items more easily. By arranging food in a consistent pattern, the client can use their sense of touch to identify and pick up each item. Thicking liquids (choice B) does not directly address the issue of feeding difficulties due to vision loss. Providing small-handled utensils (choice C) may help with dexterity but does not specifically address the visual impairment. Assigning a staff member to feed the client (choice D) may not promote independence and may not always be feasible.
What is the primary purpose of a nurse staffing committee?
- A. To oversee patient safety initiatives
- B. To develop staffing policies and procedures
- C. To coordinate patient care
- D. To manage nurse recruitment
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: To develop staffing policies and procedures. The primary purpose of a nurse staffing committee is to establish guidelines and protocols for nurse staffing levels to ensure safe and effective patient care. By developing staffing policies, the committee can address issues such as nurse-to-patient ratios, shift scheduling, and workload distribution. This helps maintain quality care and prevent burnout among nurses.
Incorrect options:
A: To oversee patient safety initiatives - While patient safety is a critical aspect of nursing care, the primary focus of the staffing committee is on developing policies related to nurse staffing, not overseeing patient safety initiatives.
C: To coordinate patient care - While coordinating patient care is essential, the primary role of the staffing committee is to focus on staffing policies rather than direct patient care coordination.
D: To manage nurse recruitment - Nurse recruitment is typically handled by human resources or a recruitment team, not the staffing committee. The staffing committee's main function is to determine appropriate staffing levels and guidelines.
Many patient classification systems have some type of shortcoming. Among these are:
- A. The client's condition changes before the next shift.
- B. The staffing needs are predicted on a short-term basis.
- C. The potential admissions cannot be accounted for.
- D. The staffing mix changes because of illness.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because patient classification systems often struggle to accurately predict potential admissions, leading to challenges in allocating appropriate staffing levels and resources. This is a crucial shortcoming as it can result in understaffing or overstaffing, impacting patient care quality and staff workload. Options A, B, and D are incorrect as they address different issues such as changes in patient conditions between shifts, short-term staffing needs prediction, and staffing mix changes due to illness, which are not directly related to the specific shortcoming of accounting for potential admissions.
Which of the following are essential components of strategic planning? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Values
- B. Vision & Mission statements
- C. Reengineering
- D. A & B
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because values and vision & mission statements are essential components of strategic planning. Values guide decision-making and behavior, ensuring alignment with the organization's principles. Vision & mission statements define the organization's purpose and goals, providing a roadmap for strategic direction. Reengineering, as mentioned in choice C, is a process improvement approach and not an inherent component of strategic planning. Therefore, choice D is the correct answer as it includes the key components necessary for effective strategic planning.