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After fasting from 10 p.m. the previous evening, a client finds out that the blood test has been canceled. The client swears at the nurse and states, You are incompetent! Which is the nurses best response?
- A. Do you believe that I was the cause of your blood test being canceled?
- B. I see that you are upset, but I feel uncomfortable when you swear at me.
- C. Have you ever thought about ways to express anger appropriately?
- D. Ill give you some space. Let me know if you need anything.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: "I see that you are upset, but I feel uncomfortable when you swear at me." This response acknowledges the client's emotion while setting a boundary against inappropriate behavior. It demonstrates empathy towards the client's feelings without condoning the swearing. It also communicates the nurse's discomfort with the behavior, which can help in de-escalating the situation.
A: Choice A deflects responsibility and may come off as defensive, not addressing the client's emotions directly.
C: Choice C shifts the focus away from the client's immediate distress and may not be well-received in the heat of the moment.
D: Choice D, while giving space, doesn't address the behavior directly and may not effectively address the client's emotions or the impact of their actions on the nurse.
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A nurse is caring for a hospitalized client who is quarrelsome and opinionated and has little regard for others. According to Sullivans interpersonal theory, the nurse should associate the clients behaviors with a previous deficit in which stage of development?
- A. Childhood
- B. Early adolescence
- C. Late adolescence
- D. Infancy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: According to Sullivan's interpersonal theory, childhood is the stage where the foundation of interpersonal relationships is formed. Quarrelsome and opinionated behaviors with little regard for others can be associated with deficits in early childhood development. During this stage, individuals learn emotional regulation, empathy, and social skills. If these skills are not adequately developed in childhood, it can result in maladaptive behaviors in adulthood. Therefore, the correct answer is A.
Choice B, early adolescence, focuses more on identity formation and peer relationships. Choice C, late adolescence, emphasizes the transition to adulthood and independence. Choice D, infancy, is too early in development to have a significant impact on the client's current behavior.
A nursing instructor is teaching about the monoamine category of neurotransmitters. Which student statement indicates that learning about the function of norepinephrine has occurred?
- A. Norepinephrine functions to regulate mood, cognition, and perception.
- B. Norepinephrine functions to regulate arousal, libido, and appetite.D. Norepinephrine functions to regulate pain, inflammatory response, and wakefulness.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because norepinephrine is primarily involved in regulating arousal, libido, and appetite. This neurotransmitter is released in response to stress or danger, increasing alertness and readiness for action. Choices A and C are incorrect because they describe the functions of serotonin and dopamine, respectively. Serotonin regulates mood, cognition, and perception, while dopamine is involved in pain modulation, inflammatory response, and wakefulness. Therefore, choice B is the most appropriate in indicating learning about the function of norepinephrine.
When an individuals stress response is sustained over a long period of time, which physiological effect of the endocrine system should a nurse anticipate?
- A. Decreased resistance to disease
- B. Increased libido
- C. Decreased blood pressure
- D. Increased inflammatory response
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Decreased resistance to disease. Prolonged stress can weaken the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to illnesses. Chronic stress suppresses immune functions, leading to decreased resistance to diseases. The other choices are incorrect because increased libido (B) and decreased blood pressure (C) are not typical physiological effects of sustained stress. While stress can lead to increased inflammatory response (D), the primary concern with chronic stress is its negative impact on the immune system, making choice A the most appropriate answer in this context.
Which therapeutic communication technique is being used in this nurseclient interaction? Client: When I get angry, I get into a fistfight with my wife or I take it out on the kids. Nurse: I notice that you are smiling as you talk about this physical violence.
- A. Encouraging comparison
- B. Exploring
- C. Formulating a plan of action
- D. Making observations
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Making observations. The nurse is objectively stating what they notice, which is the client smiling while discussing physical violence. This technique helps bring awareness to the client's behavior without judgment. Encouraging comparison (A) involves asking the client to compare similarities and differences, which is not present in this interaction. Exploring (B) involves delving deeper into the client's thoughts and feelings, which is not demonstrated here. Formulating a plan of action (C) involves working with the client to create a plan for addressing issues, which is not the focus of the nurse's statement.
A nurse should provide this information to facilitate which ethical principle?
- A. Autonomy
- B. Beneficence
- C. Nonmaleficence
- D. Justice
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Autonomy. Autonomy refers to respecting an individual's right to make informed decisions about their own care. Providing information empowers patients to make autonomous decisions, aligning with this principle. Beneficence focuses on doing good for the patient, nonmaleficence on avoiding harm, and justice on fairness in resource allocation. While these are important ethical principles in healthcare, they do not directly relate to the act of providing information to support patient autonomy.