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After hearing the debates about an appropriate course of action for a specific client, a community health nurse (CHN) expresses a desire for a rule that would help with decision making. What criteria could the CHN apply to this rule for his or her decision making?
- A. The rule absolutely will not get the CHN in trouble with the employer.
- B. The rule will gain the support of an expert, such as a spiritual leader.
- C. The CHN would recommend the rule to anyone in a similar situation.
- D. The supervisor would feel comfortable reporting the rule to the administration.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. The rationale is that the CHN should apply a rule that they would recommend to anyone in a similar situation. This criteria ensures that the decision-making process is fair, ethical, and beneficial for the client. Choice A is incorrect as it focuses on avoiding trouble with the employer rather than client well-being. Choice B is incorrect as relying solely on the support of an expert may not always align with the best interests of the client. Choice D is incorrect as the supervisor's comfort level does not guarantee the rule is appropriate for the client. Ultimately, choice C prioritizes client-centered care and ethical decision-making.
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What is the most important action to be taken by the community health nurse (CHN) who wishes to decrease childhood obesity?
- A. Lobbying legislators to enact stronger legislation regarding unhealthy lunches and food from snack machines in schools
- B. Increasing availability of nutrition programs in which schoolchildren are taught to make healthy food choices
- C. Involving the entire family in the management of obesity in a child
- D. Providing after-school activities and summer camps that focus on diet and exercise
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Involving the entire family in the management of obesity in a child is the most important action because family support and involvement are crucial for sustainable behavior change in children. The family plays a significant role in shaping a child's habits and lifestyle choices. By engaging the entire family, the community health nurse can create a supportive environment where healthy behaviors are encouraged and reinforced consistently. This approach addresses the root causes of childhood obesity by promoting healthy eating habits and physical activity within the child's daily life, rather than relying solely on external interventions like legislation or programs.
Choice A is less effective because while legislation can create a healthier environment, it may not directly address the underlying family dynamics influencing a child's behavior. Choice B is important but may not be as effective as involving the family since parental influence extends beyond school-based programs. Choice D is valuable but may not address the core issue of family involvement, which is crucial for sustainable behavior change.
What is the best intervention a community health nurse (CHN) can initiate to increase lasting resilience among new immigrants?
- A. Directing clients to English-as-a-second-language courses
- B. Giving immigrant clients money to help them get settled
- C. Identifying areas in the city where housing is less expensive
- D. Soliciting donations for food, clothing, and other needs
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because directing clients to English-as-a-second-language courses helps immigrants improve language proficiency, which is crucial for social integration, access to resources, and employment opportunities. Learning English enhances communication skills, self-confidence, and cultural adaptation. This intervention promotes independence and empowerment, fostering lasting resilience.
Incorrect choices:
B: Giving money may provide temporary relief but doesn't address long-term resilience.
C: Identifying cheaper housing doesn't directly enhance resilience without addressing other social determinants.
D: Soliciting donations may meet immediate needs but doesn't build lasting resilience without addressing skill development.
A committee of health care professionals would like to establish a district-wide program to improve access to culturally competent health care services for Vietnamese immigrants. Who would be the best person to select as a key informant about this community's needs?
- A. The hospital administrator
- B. A Vietnamese community leader
- C. A national expert on cultural competency
- D. A provincial/territorial or municipal government official
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: A Vietnamese community leader. This individual is the best choice as a key informant because they have firsthand knowledge and understanding of the needs, preferences, and challenges faced by Vietnamese immigrants in the district. They can provide valuable insights into the cultural nuances, barriers to accessing health care services, and specific needs of the community. The hospital administrator may have general knowledge but lacks specific insights into the Vietnamese immigrant community. The national expert on cultural competency may have theoretical knowledge but may not understand the local context. The government official may have a broader perspective but lacks the community-specific knowledge necessary for this program.
A team of community health nurses (CHNs) disagree about the appropriate action to take in relation to a family with an ill family member who have chosen to continue working at their jobs instead of taking time off to care for the ill family member. One CHN states, "It is the wife's responsibility to care for her ill husband." What type of thinking is this CHN applying?
- A. Consequentialism
- B. Deontological ethics
- C. Principlism
- D. Utilitarianism
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Deontological ethics. Deontological ethics focuses on the moral duty or obligation to act in a certain way, regardless of the consequences. In this scenario, the CHN is stating that it is the wife's responsibility to care for her ill husband based on a sense of duty or moral obligation, rather than considering the consequences or outcomes. This type of thinking aligns with deontological ethics as it emphasizes following moral principles or rules.
Incorrect choices:
A: Consequentialism - This ethical theory focuses on the outcomes or consequences of actions rather than the inherent rightness or wrongness of the actions themselves. The CHN's statement does not prioritize consequences.
C: Principlism - Principlism involves ethical decision-making based on a set of ethical principles such as autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice. The CHN's statement does not directly relate to these principles.
D: Utilitarianism - Utilitarianism is
What is the ultimate goal of program planning?
- A. Avoiding unanticipated conflicts in the program development phase
- B. Ensuring adequate funding to meet the program's resource requirements
- C. Ensuring that health care services are satisfactory, comparable, effective, and beneficial
- D. Preventing unnecessary duplication of services
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The ultimate goal of program planning is to ensure that health care services are satisfactory, comparable, effective, and beneficial. This is because the primary focus of program planning in healthcare is to improve patient outcomes and overall health system performance. By ensuring that services are of high quality and meet the needs of the population, the goal of enhancing health outcomes is achieved.
Avoiding unanticipated conflicts in the program development phase (Choice A) is important but not the ultimate goal. Ensuring adequate funding (Choice B) is crucial for program sustainability but not the primary objective. Preventing unnecessary duplication of services (Choice D) is a key consideration but not the ultimate goal, which is to deliver effective and beneficial healthcare services.