Nokea
A community health nurse (CHN) suspects that an elementary school student is being physically abused. Which action would be the most appropriate one for the CHN to take?
- A. Ask the student about the abuse.
- B. Document findings in the student's school record.
- C. Discuss the suspicions of abuse with the student's teachers or the family's spiritual leader.
- D. Notify legal authorities.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Notify legal authorities. This is the most appropriate action for the CHN to take because suspected cases of child abuse must be reported to legal authorities to ensure the safety and well-being of the child. Reporting to legal authorities initiates an official investigation by trained professionals who can assess the situation and take appropriate action to protect the child.
A: Asking the student about the abuse may put the child at risk of further harm if the abuser is present or if the child is not ready to disclose the abuse.
B: Documenting findings in the student's school record is not sufficient to address the immediate safety concerns of the child.
C: Discussing suspicions with teachers or spiritual leaders may not lead to the necessary intervention and protection of the child.
In summary, notifying legal authorities is the most effective and necessary step to ensure the safety of the child in cases of suspected abuse.
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What is the ultimate goal of program planning?
- A. Avoiding unanticipated conflicts in the program development phase
- B. Ensuring adequate funding to meet the program's resource requirements
- C. Ensuring that health care services are satisfactory, comparable, effective, and beneficial
- D. Preventing unnecessary duplication of services
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The ultimate goal of program planning is to ensure that health care services are satisfactory, comparable, effective, and beneficial. This is because the primary focus of program planning in healthcare is to improve patient outcomes and overall health system performance. By ensuring that services are of high quality and meet the needs of the population, the goal of enhancing health outcomes is achieved.
Avoiding unanticipated conflicts in the program development phase (Choice A) is important but not the ultimate goal. Ensuring adequate funding (Choice B) is crucial for program sustainability but not the primary objective. Preventing unnecessary duplication of services (Choice D) is a key consideration but not the ultimate goal, which is to deliver effective and beneficial healthcare services.
What is the biggest challenge for community health nurses (CHNs) who are familiar with evidence-informed practice and want to implement it in their care of clients?
- A. Interpreting vast amounts of evidence and integrating it into practice
- B. Advocating for change and convincing others that it is beneficial
- C. Distinguishing evidence-informed practice from practice based on old standards
- D. Showing clients that evidence-informed practice will improve their health outcomes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because interpreting vast amounts of evidence and integrating it into practice is a significant challenge for community health nurses (CHNs) familiar with evidence-informed practice. CHNs need to sift through numerous research studies, guidelines, and data to make informed decisions about client care. By effectively integrating evidence into practice, CHNs can ensure that their interventions are based on the best available evidence, leading to improved client outcomes.
Choice B is incorrect because advocating for change is not the primary challenge related to implementing evidence-informed practice. Choice C is incorrect because distinguishing evidence-informed practice from outdated standards is important but not the biggest challenge. Choice D is incorrect because showing clients the benefits of evidence-informed practice is essential but not the main challenge faced by CHNs in implementing it.
What was the main reason for the brief existence of the nurse practitioner–model educational program?
- A. Inadequate assessment and planning in the local area
- B. Insufficient provincial/territorial funding
- C. The large number of primary care physicians practising in urban areas
- D. The need for nursing expertise and skills in other practice settings
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the main reason for the brief existence of the nurse practitioner–model educational program was the need for nursing expertise and skills in other practice settings. This is supported by the fact that nurse practitioners were developed to address the gap in healthcare services by providing advanced nursing care in various settings. They were trained to deliver high-quality care, fill the need for primary care providers, and improve access to healthcare services.
A: Inadequate assessment and planning in the local area is not the main reason for the brief existence of the program.
B: Insufficient provincial/territorial funding may have been a contributing factor, but it was not the main reason.
C: The large number of primary care physicians practising in urban areas is not directly related to the existence of the nurse practitioner-model educational program.
A community health nurse (CHN) is demonstrating the use of a peak flow meter to help children with chronic asthma recognize when they need to use a rescue inhaler. What is the level of prevention represented by this activity?
- A. Primary
- B. Secondary
- C. Tertiary
- D. Both primary and secondary
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Secondary prevention. Secondary prevention focuses on early detection and intervention to prevent the progression of a disease. In this case, the CHN is helping children with asthma recognize early signs of worsening symptoms through peak flow meter use, enabling them to take action with a rescue inhaler. This intervention aims to prevent exacerbation of asthma symptoms, making it a secondary prevention strategy.
A: Primary prevention focuses on preventing the onset of a disease through health promotion and education before it occurs.
C: Tertiary prevention involves managing and reducing the impact of a disease that has already occurred to prevent complications.
D: Both primary and secondary prevention do not apply in this scenario as it specifically targets early detection and intervention for those with an existing condition.
What is the most common symptom of testicular cancer?
- A. Low back pain
- B. Fatigue
- C. Painless, firm scrotal mass or swelling
- D. Mild to moderate pressure to the scrotum
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Painless, firm scrotal mass or swelling. This is the most common symptom of testicular cancer because it often presents as a painless lump or swelling in the testicle. Other choices are incorrect because low back pain (A) is not a common symptom of testicular cancer, fatigue (B) is a non-specific symptom that can occur in many conditions, and mild to moderate pressure to the scrotum (D) is not a typical symptom of testicular cancer.