Nokea
Which statement made by a parent indicates a need for more education about child abuse?
- A. "I have stopped slapping my child, and I am learning to count to 10 before reacting."
- B. "I never spank or hit my children; I yell at them to stop being stupid, and if they don't, I tell them that the boogeyman will steal them away at night if they don't obey."
- C. "I use 'time out' when my child acts out or is naughty. Sometimes, my child doesn't cope well with this, but I am persistent."
- D. "When my child misbehaves, I distract him and try to focus his attention on other things. If he throws a tantrum, I just pick him up and leave the store or show or wherever we may be."
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the parent's statement indicates emotional abuse through threats of harm and fear tactics. Yelling and using scare tactics like the boogeyman can have long-lasting negative effects on a child's emotional well-being, leading to anxiety and insecurity.
Choice A shows progress in managing anger and using positive discipline techniques. Choice C demonstrates a parent trying to use a common discipline method, although the child's coping difficulties may need further support. Choice D shows a parent using distraction and removal techniques, which are generally considered appropriate strategies for managing tantrums.
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Historically, community health nurses (CHNs) focused on the care of individuals while viewing the families of individuals as either background resources or possible stressors. Which view of the family did this traditional conceptualization take?
- A. Family as the client
- B. Family as a component of society
- C. Family as the context
- D. Family as a system
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Family as the client. In traditional CHN practice, the focus was on individual care with little regard for the family as a unit of care. By viewing the family as the client, CHNs can address the health needs of the entire family, recognizing that the family unit itself plays a significant role in individual health outcomes. This approach allows for a more holistic and comprehensive understanding of health within the family context. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately represent the traditional conceptualization of the family in CHN practice.
What defines group process?
- A. Group process is the degree of attraction and commitment of group members.
- B. Group process is how the group works as a unit and how members interact.
- C. Group process is how the group members connect and relate to each other.
- D. Group process is the attraction between individual members and the group.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because group process refers to how the group operates as a whole and how individual members interact within the group. This includes communication, decision-making, conflict resolution, and overall functioning. Choice A focuses solely on the emotional aspects of group dynamics, while Choice C emphasizes interpersonal relationships. Choice D specifically mentions individual attraction, which is not the same as group process. Therefore, B is the most comprehensive and accurate description of what defines group process.
Which was a very important factor in the success of early visiting nurses?
- A. The care they provided that served as a model for all later hospitals
- B. The more economical care they provided to families
- C. Their role model, Edna Moore
- D. The superb publicity campaign that was created by the health departments
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because early visiting nurses were successful due to the more economical care they provided to families. Visiting nurses offered cost-effective healthcare services, making them accessible to a wider population. This affordability factor contributed to their success in providing care to those in need.
Choice A is incorrect because early visiting nurses did not necessarily serve as a model for all later hospitals. Choice C is incorrect as the success of visiting nurses was not solely dependent on a role model like Edna Moore. Choice D is incorrect because the success of visiting nurses was not primarily attributed to a publicity campaign by health departments.
What is the most common symptom of testicular cancer?
- A. Low back pain
- B. Fatigue
- C. Painless, firm scrotal mass or swelling
- D. Mild to moderate pressure to the scrotum
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Painless, firm scrotal mass or swelling. This is the most common symptom of testicular cancer because it often presents as a painless lump or swelling in the testicle. Other choices are incorrect because low back pain (A) is not a common symptom of testicular cancer, fatigue (B) is a non-specific symptom that can occur in many conditions, and mild to moderate pressure to the scrotum (D) is not a typical symptom of testicular cancer.
Which of the following best describes primary health care?
- A. A comprehensive way to address issues of social justice
- B. Giving care to manage acute or chronic conditions
- C. Giving direct care to ill individuals within their family setting
- D. Having the goal of health promotion and disease prevention
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Primary health care focuses on providing comprehensive and holistic care to individuals, families, and communities.
Step 2: It addresses not only physical health but also social determinants of health, promoting social justice.
Step 3: Primary health care emphasizes health promotion, disease prevention, and addressing social inequalities.
Step 4: Choice A aligns with the principles of primary health care, making it the correct answer.
Summary:
B: Incorrect - Primary health care is not limited to managing acute or chronic conditions.
C: Incorrect - Primary health care extends beyond direct care to include community and population health.
D: Incorrect - While health promotion and disease prevention are aspects, they are not the sole focus of primary health care.