Nokea
The ability to work with diverse groups is an important skill required in community health nursing. What best defines cohesion, one of the core concepts of working in groups?
- A. Cohesion is anything a member does that makes an intentional contribution to the group's purpose.
- B. Cohesion is the perception of a definite move toward meeting the group's goals and tasks.
- C. Cohesion is encouraging all members to describe the experiences in their families and workplaces that they perceive as relevant.
- D. Cohesion is a measure of attraction between individual members and the group.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because cohesion in a group context refers to the level of connection or bond between individual members and the group as a whole. This attraction is essential for fostering teamwork, communication, and collaboration within the group. When members feel connected and committed to the group, they are more likely to work together effectively towards common goals.
Choice A is incorrect because it focuses on individual contributions to the group's purpose rather than the group's overall unity. Choice B is incorrect as it refers to progress towards goals rather than the interpersonal relationships within the group. Choice C is incorrect as it emphasizes sharing personal experiences rather than the bond between members.
In summary, cohesion is about the sense of belonging, trust, and mutual support among group members, which enhances group effectiveness and productivity.
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What was the main reason for the brief existence of the nurse practitioner–model educational program?
- A. Inadequate assessment and planning in the local area
- B. Insufficient provincial/territorial funding
- C. The large number of primary care physicians practising in urban areas
- D. The need for nursing expertise and skills in other practice settings
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the main reason for the brief existence of the nurse practitioner–model educational program was the need for nursing expertise and skills in other practice settings. This is supported by the fact that nurse practitioners were developed to address the gap in healthcare services by providing advanced nursing care in various settings. They were trained to deliver high-quality care, fill the need for primary care providers, and improve access to healthcare services.
A: Inadequate assessment and planning in the local area is not the main reason for the brief existence of the program.
B: Insufficient provincial/territorial funding may have been a contributing factor, but it was not the main reason.
C: The large number of primary care physicians practising in urban areas is not directly related to the existence of the nurse practitioner-model educational program.
What is the most important action to be taken by the community health nurse (CHN) who wishes to decrease childhood obesity?
- A. Lobbying legislators to enact stronger legislation regarding unhealthy lunches and food from snack machines in schools
- B. Increasing availability of nutrition programs in which schoolchildren are taught to make healthy food choices
- C. Involving the entire family in the management of obesity in a child
- D. Providing after-school activities and summer camps that focus on diet and exercise
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Involving the entire family in the management of obesity in a child is the most important action because family support and involvement are crucial for sustainable behavior change in children. The family plays a significant role in shaping a child's habits and lifestyle choices. By engaging the entire family, the community health nurse can create a supportive environment where healthy behaviors are encouraged and reinforced consistently. This approach addresses the root causes of childhood obesity by promoting healthy eating habits and physical activity within the child's daily life, rather than relying solely on external interventions like legislation or programs.
Choice A is less effective because while legislation can create a healthier environment, it may not directly address the underlying family dynamics influencing a child's behavior. Choice B is important but may not be as effective as involving the family since parental influence extends beyond school-based programs. Choice D is valuable but may not address the core issue of family involvement, which is crucial for sustainable behavior change.
Which of the following is an example of primary prevention?
- A. Papanicolaou (Pap) tests to detect cervical cancer
- B. Screening of pregnant women for gestational diabetes
- C. COVID-19 immunization clinics
- D. Mammography to detect breast cancer
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Primary prevention aims to prevent the occurrence of a disease before it occurs. COVID-19 immunization clinics fall under primary prevention as they help prevent individuals from contracting the virus in the first place. By administering vaccines, the spread of the disease is reduced, ultimately preventing new cases. This is different from the other options: A and D involve screening tests to detect existing diseases, while B focuses on identifying a health condition in pregnant women rather than preventing its development. Thus, C is the correct choice for primary prevention.
Which of the following would be considered part of a transformational leadership style?
- A. A group leader uses rewards to engage others.
- B. A group leader uses personal charisma to motivate followers.
- C. A group leader focuses on day-to-day tasks.
- D. Minimal or no direction is provided by the group leader.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because transformational leadership involves inspiring and motivating followers through personal charisma and vision. Charismatic leaders are able to influence and inspire others to achieve common goals. Choice A focuses on transactional leadership, which involves rewards for performance. Choices C and D are characteristics of laissez-faire leadership, where the leader is hands-off or focused solely on tasks, not inspiring transformation.
The ability to access, comprehend, evaluate, and communicate information as a way to promote, maintain and improve health in a variety of settings across the life-course is defined as:
- A. Health promotion
- B. Health literacy
- C. Health advocacy
- D. Health maintenance
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Health literacy. Health literacy involves the skills needed to access, understand, evaluate, and communicate health information to make informed decisions and promote health. This definition aligns with the ability to comprehend and utilize health information effectively. Health promotion (A) focuses on strategies to improve health outcomes, health advocacy (C) involves promoting health policies and practices, and health maintenance (D) refers to activities that sustain health, but these choices do not encompass the comprehensive definition provided in the question.