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Historically, community health nurses (CHNs) focused on the care of individuals while viewing the families of individuals as either background resources or possible stressors. Which view of the family did this traditional conceptualization take?
- A. Family as the client
- B. Family as a component of society
- C. Family as the context
- D. Family as a system
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Family as the client. In traditional CHN practice, the focus was on individual care with little regard for the family as a unit of care. By viewing the family as the client, CHNs can address the health needs of the entire family, recognizing that the family unit itself plays a significant role in individual health outcomes. This approach allows for a more holistic and comprehensive understanding of health within the family context. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately represent the traditional conceptualization of the family in CHN practice.
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What is the most common symptom of testicular cancer?
- A. Low back pain
- B. Fatigue
- C. Painless, firm scrotal mass or swelling
- D. Mild to moderate pressure to the scrotum
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Painless, firm scrotal mass or swelling. This is the most common symptom of testicular cancer because it often presents as a painless lump or swelling in the testicle. Other choices are incorrect because low back pain (A) is not a common symptom of testicular cancer, fatigue (B) is a non-specific symptom that can occur in many conditions, and mild to moderate pressure to the scrotum (D) is not a typical symptom of testicular cancer.
What is the best resource for the community health nurse (CHN) who wants information about the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in a local region of the country?
- A. Hospital records and statistics
- B. Online information from Statistics Canada
- C. The local chamber of commerce
- D. The obituary columns of local newspapers
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Online information from Statistics Canada.
1. Statistics Canada provides accurate and reliable data on various health indicators.
2. This data can be broken down by region, allowing the CHN to access specific local information.
3. Hospital records may not capture all cases, while the local chamber of commerce and obituary columns are not reliable sources for health data.
In summary, Statistics Canada is the best resource due to its credibility, accessibility, and ability to provide relevant local health information.
Which public health service best represents primary prevention?
- A. Developing a health education program about the dangers of smoking
- B. Providing a diabetes clinic for adults in low-income neighbourhoods
- C. Providing an influenza vaccination program in a community retirement village
- D. Teaching school-aged children about the positive effects of exercise
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because developing a health education program about the dangers of smoking is an example of primary prevention, which aims to prevent the occurrence of a disease or injury before it occurs. This intervention targets the root cause of the health issue by educating individuals on the harmful effects of smoking and promoting healthy behaviors to reduce the risk of developing smoking-related diseases. Choices B, C, and D represent secondary or tertiary prevention strategies as they focus on providing care or interventions after the disease has already developed or to prevent complications.
What outcome needs to occur in order to claim that advocacy has been truly successful or effective?
- A. Audiences agree with a CHN who is advocating a change.
- B. Legislators discuss appropriate legislation to better allocate resources.
- C. People demand that the disenfranchised be better treated.
- D. Systematic social changes are made to improve quality of life.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because advocacy is truly successful when systematic social changes are made to improve quality of life. This is because advocacy aims to address underlying structural issues and create sustainable, long-term improvements. Choices A, B, and C focus on initial responses or actions, but they do not necessarily lead to lasting impact or systemic change. Audiences agreeing with the CHN, legislators discussing legislation, and people demanding better treatment are important steps in advocacy, but the ultimate goal should be to bring about tangible changes at the systemic level to achieve lasting improvements in quality of life for the community.
A chemical company executive asks a new public health department employee about obtaining a permit to build a new factory. Which employee statement would be the biggest cause for concern?
- A. "If your operation employs fewer than 20 employees, you will be exempt from the requirement to obtain a permit."
- B. "Granting permits is a mechanism for controlling pollution by regulating the operations and procedures of a facility."
- C. "This process may take a long time because your plans will need to be studied by engineers and other specialists."
- D. "You will need to submit an application detailing how your factory will operate."
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because it provides inaccurate information regarding the permit requirement based on the number of employees. This statement shows a lack of understanding of environmental regulations. Employing fewer than 20 employees does not automatically exempt a facility from obtaining a permit for environmental compliance.
Choice B is incorrect because it accurately describes the purpose of permitting in pollution control. Choice C is incorrect as it simply explains the standard process for obtaining a permit, which is not a cause for concern. Choice D is also incorrect as it outlines a standard requirement for submitting an application, which is necessary for obtaining a permit.