Nokea
After reinforcing information on treating a sprained ankle, what statement by the adolescent indicates to the practical nurse that further instruction is needed?
- A. Keep the leg elevated when sitting.
- B. Wrap the ankle in an elastic bandage for support.
- C. Apply warm compresses to the ankle for the first 24 hours.
- D. Put an ice pack on the ankle, alternating 30 minutes on and 30 minutes off.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Applying warm compresses to a sprained ankle within the first 24 hours is incorrect as it can increase swelling and inflammation. Instead, cold compresses are recommended to help reduce swelling and pain. Option A, keeping the leg elevated, helps in reducing swelling. Option B, wrapping the ankle in an elastic bandage, provides support. Option D, using an ice pack in intervals, is effective in reducing swelling and pain. Therefore, the statement about applying warm compresses indicates the need for further instruction.
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The mother of an 11-year-old boy with juvenile arthritis tells the nurse, 'I really don't want my son to become dependent on pain medication, so I only allow him to take it when he is really hurting.' Which information is most important for the nurse to provide this mother?
- A. The child should be encouraged to rest when experiencing pain
- B. Encourage quiet activities such as reading as a pain distracter
- C. The use of hot baths can be used as an alternative to pain medication
- D. Giving pain medication around the clock helps control the pain
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: It is crucial for the nurse to educate the mother that giving pain medication around the clock helps manage pain effectively and improves the child's quality of life. This approach ensures a more consistent level of pain relief and prevents the pain from becoming severe, which can be more challenging to manage. Choices A, B, and C do not address the importance of consistent pain management and may not provide adequate relief for the child's condition.
A child who weighs 25 kg is receiving IV ampicillin at a dose of 300 mg/kg/24 hours in equally divided doses every 4 hours. How many milligrams should the nurse administer to the child for each dose?
- A. 1875 mg
- B. 625 mg
- C. 2000 mg
- D. 1500 mg
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: To calculate the correct dose for each administration, you first need to find the total daily dose: 300 mg/kg * 25 kg = 7500 mg/day. Since this total dose is divided into equally divided doses every 4 hours, there are 6 doses in 24 hours. Therefore, 7500 mg · 6 doses = 1250 mg per dose. The nurse should administer 1250 mg every 4 hours, resulting in a total of 1875 mg for each dose in a 24-hour period. Choice A, 1875 mg, is the correct answer. Choice B, 625 mg, is incorrect as it does not consider the total daily dose and the frequency of administration. Choice C, 2000 mg, is incorrect as it is not the calculated dosage based on the given parameters. Choice D, 1500 mg, is also incorrect as it does not reflect the correct dosage calculation for each dose.
How should the caregiver instruct on caring for a 4-month-old with seborrheic dermatitis (cradle cap) when shampooing the child's hair?
- A. Use a soft brush and gently scrub the area.
- B. Avoid scrubbing the scalp until the scales disappear.
- C. Avoid washing the child's hair more than once a week.
- D. Use soap and water and avoid shampoos.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When dealing with seborrheic dermatitis (cradle cap) in infants, it is essential to use a soft brush and gently scrub the affected area to help remove the scales. This process can aid in managing the condition and preventing further build-up. It is important to be gentle to avoid irritating the baby's delicate skin. Choice B is incorrect as gentle scrubbing with a soft brush can help in the removal of scales. Choice C is incorrect because regular but gentle washing is recommended to manage cradle cap. Choice D is incorrect as using specialized shampoos designed for cradle cap is usually recommended over soap and water.
A 7-year-old child is admitted to the hospital with nephrotic syndrome. The nurse notes that the child has gained 3 pounds in the past 24 hours. What should the nurse do first?
- A. Administer a diuretic as prescribed
- B. Restrict the child's fluid intake
- C. Notify the healthcare provider
- D. Measure the child's abdominal girth
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In a child with nephrotic syndrome experiencing sudden weight gain, the priority action for the nurse is to notify the healthcare provider. This weight gain could indicate worsening edema or fluid retention, necessitating immediate medical evaluation and intervention. The healthcare provider can conduct a comprehensive assessment, order necessary tests, and adjust the treatment plan accordingly. Administering a diuretic, restricting fluid intake, or measuring abdominal girth should not be initiated without healthcare provider consultation to ensure appropriate management of the child's condition.
The healthcare provider is assessing a child for neurological soft signs. Which finding is most likely demonstrated in the child's behavior?
- A. Inability to move the tongue in a specific direction.
- B. Presence of vertigo.
- C. Poor coordination and sense of position.
- D. Loss of visual acuity.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Neurological soft signs in children often manifest as poor coordination and a sense of position. These signs can indicate underlying neurological issues and are important to assess in pediatric patients. Choices A, B, and D are less likely to be associated with neurological soft signs in children. Inability to move the tongue in a specific direction may suggest a cranial nerve dysfunction rather than general neurological soft signs. Presence of vertigo is more related to inner ear disturbances or vestibular issues. Loss of visual acuity may indicate problems with the eyes rather than general neurological soft signs.