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After surviving a house fire, a 5-year-old begins sucking their thumb and wetting their bed. What would be the best community health nurse (CHN) intervention?
- A. Explain to the child that it is important to be strong and not act like a baby.
- B. Reassure the family that this behaviour is a normal reaction to a traumatic experience.
- C. Recommend admission into a hospital for psychological counselling.
- D. Recommend behaviour therapy to treat regression.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because reassurance to the family that the child's behaviors are normal reactions to trauma is crucial. This approach validates the child's feelings and provides support. Choice A is incorrect as it may shame the child for their coping mechanisms. Choice C is unnecessary and may not be indicated unless the child's mental health is severely impacted. Choice D is premature as it suggests a specific treatment without first addressing the underlying emotional needs of the child.
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Women who develop vaginal fungal infections (commonly referred to as yeast infections) usually have a history of having been prescribed antibiotics for bacterial infections. Which component of the epidemiological triangle (agent–host–environment) contributes most to the development of vaginal infections?
- A. Agent
- B. Environment
- C. Host
- D. Agent and host
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is C: Host. Antibiotics disrupt the normal vaginal flora, creating an environment conducive to yeast overgrowth. The host's susceptibility to infection due to altered microbiota is the primary factor in developing vaginal fungal infections. The agent (yeast) and the environment (vaginal environment) play secondary roles. Choice A is incorrect because the yeast is the agent causing the infection, but it is the host's response that determines infection development. Choice B is incorrect because the vaginal environment is affected by antibiotics, but it is the host's response that leads to infection. Choice D is incorrect because while both agent and host are involved, it is the host's susceptibility that is the key factor.
A group member who has exhibited an angry emotional outburst tearfully apologizes to the group for being "hateful." The group leader responds, "I believe I speak for all of us when I say that you did not appear hateful. You just appeared to be passionate about your beliefs." In this scenario, which of the following behaviours is the group leader exhibiting?
- A. Analyzing
- B. Clarifying
- C. Evaluating
- D. Reflecting
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Reflecting. The group leader is reflecting by restating the group member's emotions and behaviors back to them in a non-judgmental manner. This helps the group member feel understood and validated. Analyzing (A) involves breaking down information, clarifying (B) involves making things clearer, and evaluating (C) involves making judgments or assessments. In this scenario, the group leader is not doing any of those actions, but rather reflecting back the group member's emotions.
What is the best intervention a community health nurse (CHN) can initiate to increase lasting resilience among new immigrants?
- A. Directing clients to English-as-a-second-language courses
- B. Giving immigrant clients money to help them get settled
- C. Identifying areas in the city where housing is less expensive
- D. Soliciting donations for food, clothing, and other needs
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because directing clients to English-as-a-second-language courses helps immigrants improve language proficiency, which is crucial for social integration, access to resources, and employment opportunities. Learning English enhances communication skills, self-confidence, and cultural adaptation. This intervention promotes independence and empowerment, fostering lasting resilience.
Incorrect choices:
B: Giving money may provide temporary relief but doesn't address long-term resilience.
C: Identifying cheaper housing doesn't directly enhance resilience without addressing other social determinants.
D: Soliciting donations may meet immediate needs but doesn't build lasting resilience without addressing skill development.
Which of the following best describes primary health care?
- A. A comprehensive way to address issues of social justice
- B. Giving care to manage acute or chronic conditions
- C. Giving direct care to ill individuals within their family setting
- D. Having the goal of health promotion and disease prevention
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Primary health care focuses on providing comprehensive and holistic care to individuals, families, and communities.
Step 2: It addresses not only physical health but also social determinants of health, promoting social justice.
Step 3: Primary health care emphasizes health promotion, disease prevention, and addressing social inequalities.
Step 4: Choice A aligns with the principles of primary health care, making it the correct answer.
Summary:
B: Incorrect - Primary health care is not limited to managing acute or chronic conditions.
C: Incorrect - Primary health care extends beyond direct care to include community and population health.
D: Incorrect - While health promotion and disease prevention are aspects, they are not the sole focus of primary health care.
A client with tuberculosis (TB) wants to know why directly observed therapy (DOT) is required as part of the treatment. What community health nurse (CHN) response would be the most appropriate one?
- A. "Clients with TB are often nonadherent to their medication regimen; DOT will ensure that you take the medications prescribed to you."
- B. "This therapy is recommended by TB experts as the best way to ensure that you receive the treatment you need and that the infection doesn't become resistant to treatment."
- C. "This ensures that you get your medication even at the late stages of TB, when your memory may be affected by inadequate oxygenation to the brain."
- D. "TB medications are very expensive, and this method ensures that government health care resources are not wasted by those who will not take the medications regularly."
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because directly observed therapy (DOT) is recommended by TB experts to ensure treatment adherence and prevent drug resistance. TB treatment requires strict adherence to a regimen to prevent the development of drug-resistant strains. DOT involves a healthcare provider directly observing the client taking their medication to ensure compliance. Choice A addresses nonadherence but does not emphasize the importance of preventing drug resistance. Choices C and D are incorrect as they do not directly relate to the main purpose of DOT in preventing drug resistance and ensuring treatment effectiveness.