Nokea
After teaching a group of nursing students about diuretics, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which of the following as causing diuresis by increasing the density of filtrate in the glomerulus? Select all that apply.
- A. Amiloride
- B. Torsemide
- C. Ethacrynic acid
- D. Mannitol
- E. Urea
Correct Answer: D,E
Rationale: Osmotic diuretics, like mannitol and urea, cause diuresis by increasing the density of the filtrate in the glomerulus.
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A client is prescribed metolazone. As part of the client's teaching plan, the nurse instructs the client to increase his consumption of potassium-rich foods. The nurse determines that the teaching was successful when the client identifies which of the following as a good choice? Select all that apply.
- A. Bananas
- B. Shrimp
- C. Asparagus
- D. Salmon
- E. Peanuts
Correct Answer: A,C,D,E
Rationale: The top 10 foods with the highest amount of potassium per serving include white beans, dark leafy greens, baked potatoes with skin on, dried apricots, acorn squash, plain low-fat yogurt, salmon, avocado, mushrooms, and bananas.
A nurse is reviewing the laboratory test results of a client who is receiving diuretic therapy. The nurse determines that the client is at risk for electrolyte imbalance based on which results? Select all that apply.
- A. Potassium 4.5 mEq/L
- B. Sodium 139 mEq/L
- C. Magnesium 2.0 mEq/L
- D. Sodium 124 mEq/L
- E. Potassium 2.9 mEq/L
Correct Answer: D,E
Rationale: Sodium levels below 132 mEq/L, such as 124 mEq/L, or above 145 mEq/L would indicate an imbalance. Potassium imbalances would occur with levels below 3.0 mEq/L, such as 2.9 mEq/L.
A physician has prescribed furosemide to a client with pulmonary edema. The client informs the nurse that he is also taking phenytoin as treatment for seizures. The nurse would assess the client closely for which of the following?
- A. Increased risk of bleeding
- B. Decreased diuretic effectiveness
- C. Increased blood glucose levels
- D. Increased seizure episodes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse should monitor for decreased diuretic effectiveness in the client as the effect of the interaction between furosemide and hydantoins.
A nurse is administering acetazolamide to a client. The nurse understands that this drug leads to excretion of which of the following? Select all that apply.
- A. Sodium
- B. Magnesium
- C. Potassium
- D. Bicarbonate
- E. Chloride
Correct Answer: A,C,D
Rationale: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, like acetazolamide, result in the excretion of sodium, potassium, bicarbonate, and water.
A nurse is providing care to a client who has an allergy to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim. The nurse understands that the client may have cross-sensitivity reactions with which of the following diuretics? Select all that apply.
- A. Chlorothiazide
- B. Furosemide
- C. Chlorthalidone
- D. Metolazone
- E. Spironolactone
Correct Answer: A,C,D
Rationale: A cross-sensitivity reaction may occur with the thiazides (chlorothiazide, chlorthalidone, and metolazone) and sulfonamides (sulfamethoxazole).