Nokea
After teaching a group of nursing students about hypertension, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which of the following as a risk factor for development of hypertension? Select all that apply.
- A. Advancing age
- B. Family history
- C. Caucasian race
- D. Cigarette smoking
- E. Chronic alcohol consumption
Correct Answer: A,B,D,E
Rationale: Risk factors for hypertension include advancing age, family history, cigarette smoking, and chronic alcohol consumption. African American race is also a risk factor.
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A client is receiving a diuretic for the treatment of hypertension. Which of the following conditions should the nurse monitor for in clients taking diuretics?
- A. Hyperkalemia
- B. Hyponatremia
- C. Hypomagnesemia
- D. Hypocalcemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse should assess for hyponatremia in clients receiving diuretics. Diuretic usage causes electrolyte disturbances such as hyponatremia and hypokalemia. The nurse should inform the primary health care provider if signs and symptoms of electrolyte imbalance occur. Hyperkalemia, hypomagnesemia, and hypocalcemia do not occur in clients taking diuretics.
The nurse should notify the primary health care provider when which of the following occur while a client is receiving an antihypertensive? Select all that apply.
- A. Weight gain of 2 lb or more per day
- B. Headache
- C. Edema
- D. Insomnia
- E. Sedation
Correct Answer: A,C
Rationale: The nurse should notify the primary health care provider if a client has a weight gain of 2 lb or more per day or edema of the hands, fingers, feet, legs, or sacral area.
A nurse is caring for a client experiencing a hypertensive emergency. The nurse understands that if blood pressure is not lowered immediately damage to which of the following can occur? Select all that apply.
- A. Heart
- B. Kidneys
- C. Gallbladder
- D. Pancreas
- E. Eyes
Correct Answer: A,B,E
Rationale: A hypertensive emergency, if not recognized and treated quickly, can result in damage to target organs including the head, kidneys, and eyes.
The nurse is providing care to a client being treated for a hypertensive emergency. Which of the following would be appropriate for the nurse to do?
- A. Take a blood pressure every 30 minutes.
- B. Alternate the arms for assessing the blood pressure and pulse.
- C. Continuously monitor the client's status.
- D. Measure the pulse rate every hour.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When the patient has severe hypertension, does not have the expected response to drug therapy, or is critically ill, continuous monitoring is performed. The blood pressure should be taken in the same arm and same position each time.
A client who is prescribed losartan for hypertension has stopped taking the drug immediately after experiencing adverse reactions. The nurse would be alert for which of the following due to abrupt discontinuation?
- A. Breathing difficulty
- B. Rebound hypertension
- C. Orthostatic hypotension
- D. Anginal attacks
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rebound hypertension will occur in clients when antihypertensives are abruptly discontinued. In rebound hypertension, there is a sudden rise in blood pressure when the antihypertensives are withheld. Orthostatic hypotension, anginal attacks, and breathing difficulty are the adverse reactions associated with antihypertensive drug usage and may not occur on stopping the drug.