Nokea
After teaching a group of nursing students about pharmacokinetics, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which of the following as the site for the metabolism of most drugs?
- A. Liver
- B. Lungs
- C. Kidneys
- D. Intestinal mucosa
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Although the kidneys, lungs, plasma, and intestinal mucosa may aid in the metabolism of drugs, most drugs are metabolized by the liver.
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A patient has a drug level of 50 units/mL and the drug's half-life is 1 hour. If concentrations above 25 units/mL are considered toxic and no more drug is given, how long will it take for the blood level to reach the nontoxic range?
- A. 30 minutes
- B. 1 hour
- C. 2 hours
- D. 3 hours
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Half-life is the time required for the serum concentration of a drug to decrease by 50%. After 1 hour, the serum concentration would be 25 units/mL (50/2). After 2 hours, the serum concentration would be 12.5 units/mL (25/2) and reach the nontoxic range.
In which type of cell are ligand-gated ion channels most commonly found?
- A. Cells that are terminally differentiated
- B. Cells that produce large proteins
- C. Cells that need to respond quickly to external stimuli
- D. Cells that respond to mechanic forces
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Ligand-gated ion channels enable rapid responses to stimuli, common in excitable cells like neurons and muscle cells.
A patient is using the Commit lozenge 2 mg to help quit smoking and reports nausea and indigestion. The nurse will instruct the patient to perform which action?
- A. Allow the lozenge to dissolve slowly over 20 to 30 minutes
- B. Chew the lozenge thoroughly before swallowing it
- C. Increase to 4 mg and use less often
- D. Take the lozenge with food and a full glass of water
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Slow dissolution minimizes GI upset from nicotine lozenges; chewing worsens it. The patient should allow the lozenge to dissolve slowly.
Daniel has been on 60 mg of prednisone for 10 days to treat a severe asthma exacerbation. It is time to discontinue the prednisone. How is prednisone discontinued?
- A. Patients with asthma are transitioned directly off the prednisone onto inhaled corticosteroids
- B. Prednisone can be abruptly discontinued with no adverse effects
- C. Develop a tapering schedule to slowly wean Daniel off the prednisone
- D. Substitute the prednisone with another anti-inflammatory such as ibuprofen
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tapering prevents adrenal suppression after high-dose prednisone; abrupt stop risks crisis.
James is a 52-year-old overweight smoker taking theophylline for his persistent asthma. He tells his provider he is going to start the Atkin's diet for weight loss. The appropriate response would be:
- A. Congratulate him on making a positive change in his life
- B. Recommend he discuss this with his provider since the Atkin's diet increases the risk of theophylline toxicity
- C. Tell him the Atkin's diet has no effect on theophylline
- D. Suggest adding a steroid inhaler to manage asthma during the diet
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Atkin's diet (high-fat, low-carb) can increase theophylline levels, risking toxicity ; simple congratulations or dismissal overlook this interaction.