Paracetamol is an NSAID with a comparatively low anti-inflammatory effect compared to other NSAIDs.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Paracetamol (acetaminophen) has minimal anti-inflammatory activity, primarily acting as an analgesic and antipyretic.
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A nurse working in radiology administers iodine to a patient who is having a computed tomography (CT) scan. The nurse working on the oncology unit administers chemotherapy to patients who have cancer. At the Public Health Department, a nurse administers a measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine to a 14-month-old child as a routine immunization. Which branch of pharmacology best describes the actions of all three nurses?
- A. Pharmacoeconomics
- B. Pharmacotherapeutics
- C. Pharmacodynamics
- D. Pharmacokinetics
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pharmacology is the study of the biologic effects of chemicals. Nurses are involved with clinical pharmacology or pharmacotherapeutics, which is a branch of pharmacology that deals with the uses of drugs to treat, prevent, and diagnose disease. The radiology nurse is administering a drug to help diagnose a disease. The oncology nurse is administering a drug to help treat a disease. Pharmacoeconomics includes any costs involved in drug therapy. Pharmacodynamics involves how a drug affects the body and pharmacokinetics is how the body acts on the body.
Mary has a two-tiered prescription benefit plan, which means:
- A. She can receive differing levels of care based on whether she chooses an 'in-plan' provider or not.
- B. She is eligible for the new Medicare Part D 'donut hole' reduction of costs program.
- C. She pays a higher copay for brand-name drugs than for generic drugs.
- D. She must always choose to be treated with generic drugs first.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A two-tiered plan typically involves higher copays for brand-name drugs.
After teaching a group of nursing students about pharmacokinetics, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which of the following as the site for the metabolism of most drugs?
- A. Liver
- B. Lungs
- C. Kidneys
- D. Intestinal mucosa
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Although the kidneys, lungs, plasma, and intestinal mucosa may aid in the metabolism of drugs, most drugs are metabolized by the liver.
The patient looks at the prescription provided by the doctor and asks the nurse whether he can request a generic substitution. The nurse answers No when noting what on the prescription?
- A. No refills
- B. DAW
- C. Brand name used on prescription
- D. Patient older than 65 years of age
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: DAW stands for dispense as written and means that the doctor does not want a generic substituted for the prescribed medication. Requesting no refills does not preclude the substitution of a generic medication. Even when the brand name is ordered, the pharmacist can substitute a generic equivalent so long as the prescriber does not write DAW. Generic substitutions are not impacted by the patient's age.
Which of the following statements about pancreatic enzymes is true?
- A. Dosing may be titrated according to the decrease of steatorrhea
- B. The amount of carbohydrates in the meal drives the amount of enzyme used
- C. The amount of medication used is increased with a cystic fibrosis pulmonary flare
- D. The FDA and Internet-available formulations are bioequivalent
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pancreatic enzyme dosing adjusts based on steatorrhea reduction; carbs aren't the driver, and flares don't increase it.