Nokea
Jim presents with complaints of 'heartburn' that is minimally relieved with Tums (calcium carbonate) and is diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). An appropriate first-step therapy would be:
- A. Omeprazole (Prilosec) twice a day
- B. Ranitidine (Zantac) twice a day
- C. Famotidine (Pepcid) once a day
- D. Metoclopramide (Reglan) four times a day
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ranitidine , an H2 blocker, is a standard first-line GERD treatment; PPIs are next-step, and metoclopramide is for motility.
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After teaching a group of nursing students about pharmacokinetics, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which of the following as the site for the metabolism of most drugs?
- A. Liver
- B. Lungs
- C. Kidneys
- D. Intestinal mucosa
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Although the kidneys, lungs, plasma, and intestinal mucosa may aid in the metabolism of drugs, most drugs are metabolized by the liver.
Paracetamol is an NSAID with a comparatively low anti-inflammatory effect compared to other NSAIDs.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Paracetamol (acetaminophen) has minimal anti-inflammatory activity, primarily acting as an analgesic and antipyretic.
A nurse working in radiology administers iodine to a patient who is having a computed tomography (CT) scan. The nurse working on the oncology unit administers chemotherapy to patients who have cancer. At the Public Health Department, a nurse administers a measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine to a 14-month-old child as a routine immunization. Which branch of pharmacology best describes the actions of all three nurses?
- A. Pharmacoeconomics
- B. Pharmacotherapeutics
- C. Pharmacodynamics
- D. Pharmacokinetics
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pharmacology is the study of the biologic effects of chemicals. Nurses are involved with clinical pharmacology or pharmacotherapeutics, which is a branch of pharmacology that deals with the uses of drugs to treat, prevent, and diagnose disease. The radiology nurse is administering a drug to help diagnose a disease. The oncology nurse is administering a drug to help treat a disease. Pharmacoeconomics includes any costs involved in drug therapy. Pharmacodynamics involves how a drug affects the body and pharmacokinetics is how the body acts on the body.
A patient on a Class IV antiarrhythmic is experiencing bradycardia. Which medication is the patient most likely taking?
- A. Amiodarone
- B. Diltiazem
- C. Flecainide
- D. Lidocaine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Diltiazem, a Class IV calcium channel blocker, slows AV node conduction, commonly causing bradycardia.
A 35-year-old male patient is admitted to the hospital with pneumonia. He was originally being treated at home, but became worse when he quit taking his antibiotic prematurely. What is an appropriate nursing diagnosis for this patient?
- A. Deficient knowledge: monitoring temperature
- B. Noncompliance
- C. Risk for injury related to hypoxia
- D. Non-adherence: overuse
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Stopping antibiotics early indicates noncompliance, worsening his condition.