Nokea
Which of the following drug increase the sensitivity of fatty tissue and muscles towards insulin:
- A. Dapagliphlozin
- B. Miglitol
- C. Nateglinide
- D. Rosiglitasone
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rosiglitazone, a thiazolidinedione, enhances insulin sensitivity in fat and muscle via PPAR-gamma activation.
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A patient with Cushing's syndrome is being treated by X-irradiation of the pituitary. It may take several months of treatment for adequate symptomatic and metabolic improvement. Until that time, which of the following might be administered adjunctively to suppress glucocorticoid synthesis?
- A. Cimetidine
- B. Cortisol (massive doses)
- C. Fludrocortisone
- D. Ketoconazole
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Ketoconazole inhibits adrenal steroidogenesis, reducing glucocorticoid levels in Cushing's syndrome.
Which of the following avoids first pass effect of drugs
- A. Oral ingestion
- B. Rectal Suppository
- C. Intra venous injection
- D. Intra-arterial injection
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Intra-arterial injection bypasses the liver, avoiding first-pass metabolism.
James is a 52-year-old overweight smoker taking theophylline for his persistent asthma. He tells his provider he is going to start the Atkin's diet for weight loss. The appropriate response would be:
- A. Congratulate him on making a positive change in his life
- B. Recommend he discuss this with his provider since the Atkin's diet increases the risk of theophylline toxicity
- C. Tell him the Atkin's diet has no effect on theophylline
- D. Suggest adding a steroid inhaler to manage asthma during the diet
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Atkin's diet (high-fat, low-carb) can increase theophylline levels, risking toxicity ; simple congratulations or dismissal overlook this interaction.
A patient is using the Commit lozenge 2 mg to help quit smoking and reports nausea and indigestion. The nurse will instruct the patient to perform which action?
- A. Allow the lozenge to dissolve slowly over 20 to 30 minutes
- B. Chew the lozenge thoroughly before swallowing it
- C. Increase to 4 mg and use less often
- D. Take the lozenge with food and a full glass of water
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Slow dissolution minimizes GI upset from nicotine lozenges; chewing worsens it. The patient should allow the lozenge to dissolve slowly.
In which type of cell are ligand-gated ion channels most commonly found?
- A. Cells that are terminally differentiated
- B. Cells that produce large proteins
- C. Cells that need to respond quickly to external stimuli
- D. Cells that respond to mechanic forces
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Ligand-gated ion channels enable rapid responses to stimuli, common in excitable cells like neurons and muscle cells.