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After teaching a group of students about the stages of general anesthesia, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which of the following as characteristic of the first stage?
- A. Delirium
- B. Analgesia
- C. Respiratory paralysis
- D. Excitement
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Stage I is characterized by analgesia; stage II is the stage of delirium and excitement, stage III is the stage of surgical analgesia; and stage IV is the stage of respiratory paralysis.
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A nurse is working in the PACU. Which of the following would be most important for the nurse to do? Select all that apply.
- A. Checking airway patency
- B. Positioning the client to prevent aspiration of secretions
- C. Reviewing the client's surgical and anesthesia records
- D. Checking the client every 15 to 30 minutes for emergence from anesthesia
- E. Checking the client's vital signs
Correct Answer: A,B,C,E
Rationale: Checking airway patency, positioning the client to prevent aspiration of secretions, reviewing the client's surgical and anesthesia records, checking the client every 5 to 15 minutes for emergence from anesthesia, and checking the client's vital signs, IV lines, catheters, drainage tubes, surgical dressings, and casts represent the nurse's responsibilities to a client in the PACU.
A client admitted to a local health care facility is to undergo surgery with spinal anesthesia. Which of the following is the nurse most likely to observe when caring for this client?
- A. Moderate muscle relaxation
- B. Loss of feeling in the lower abdomen
- C. Hypotension as anesthesia deepens
- D. Increase in the client's heart rate
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Spinal anesthesia involves the injection of a local anesthetic drug into the subarachnoid space of the spinal cord. There is a loss of feeling (anesthesia) and movement in the lower extremities, lower abdomen, and perineum. Spinal anesthesia is not known to increase a client's heart rate. Spinal anesthesia also does not cause hypotension or moderate muscle relaxation. Enflurane is a volatile liquid anesthetic that causes hypotension once it deepens. Halothane, which is a volatile liquid anesthetic, produces moderate muscle relaxation. Both halothane and enflurane are drugs used for general anesthesia.
A group of nursing students are reviewing information about general anesthesia. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which of the following as a factor that would influence the selection of the general anesthesia for the client?
- A. Age of the client
- B. Length of surgical procedure
- C. Preanesthetic drug prescribed
- D. Postoperative care involved
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The choice of general anesthesia depends on factors that include the general physical condition of the client; the area, organ, or system being operated on; and the anticipated length of the surgical procedure. The selection of general anesthesia does not depend on the age of the client, the preanesthetic drug prescribed for the client, or the postoperative care involved.
To assist with the insertion of an endotracheal tube, the nurse would expect the client to receive which of the following to facilitate its insertion? Select all that apply.
- A. Hydroxyzine
- B. Glycopyrrolate
- C. Atracurium
- D. Doxacurium
- E. Meperidine
Correct Answer: C,D
Rationale: Atracurium and doxacurium are muscle relaxants used during general anesthesia to facilitate the insertion of an endotracheal tube.
A nurse is researching the actions of the drug midazolam. Which of the following would the nurse expect to find about this drug's use as an anesthetic? Select all that apply.
- A. A common preanesthetic antiemetic drug
- B. Appropriate for induction of anesthesia
- C. Often for conscious sedation prior to minor procedures
- D. Limited for use with general anesthesia
- E. Supplementation to nitrous oxide and oxygen for short surgical procedures
Correct Answer: B,C,E
Rationale: Midazolam, a short-acting benzodiazepine CNS depressant, is used as a preanesthetic drug to relieve anxiety (not prevent vomiting); for induction of anesthesia; for conscious sedation before minor procedures, such as endoscopy; and to supplement nitrous oxide and oxygen for short surgical procedures.