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After teaching a patient who is receiving phenelzine, the nurse determines that the teaching was successful when the patient states the need to avoid which of the following?
- A. Fresh cottage cheese
- B. Cooked sliced ham
- C. Tap beers
- D. Soy milk
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Phenelzine, an MAOI, requires avoiding tyramine-rich foods and drinks like tap beers, which can cause a hypertensive crisis. Fresh cottage cheese, cooked ham, and soy milk are generally safe, as they have low tyramine content.
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A patient is prescribed medication for a psychiatric disorder. After 3 days, the patient tells the nurse that he or she has been constipated. Which instruction would the nurse give the patient?
- A. You need to eat more high-protein foods such as meat and peanut butter.
- B. You need to eat more fruits and vegetables and drink more water.
- C. Ask your psychiatrist to prescribe a stool softener for you.
- D. This side effect should disappear within a week or so.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Constipation, a common side effect of psychiatric medications, can be managed by increasing dietary fiber (fruits and vegetables) and hydration (water). High-protein foods may worsen constipation, a stool softener may be premature without dietary changes, and waiting for resolution dismisses the patient?s discomfort.
A group of nursing students are reviewing the various drug classes used to treat psychiatric disorders. The students demonstrate understanding when they identify which of the following as examples of antianxiety medications? Select all that apply.
- A. Selegiline
- B. Lorazepam
- C. Buspirone
- D. Zolpidem
- E. Methylphenidate
Correct Answer: B,C
Rationale: Lorazepam (B), a benzodiazepine, and buspirone (C), a non-benzodiazepine, are antianxiety medications. Selegiline is an MAOI, zolpidem is a sedative-hypnotic, and methylphenidate is a stimulant, not used for anxiety.
A nurse is preparing a patient for electroconvulsive therapy. Which of the following would the nurse include in the patient?s plan of care? Select all that apply.
- A. Ensuring that there is a signed informed consent on the patient?s chart
- B. Telling the patient he can have fluids but no food before the procedure
- C. Alerting the patient to the possibility of confusion after the treatment
- D. Informing the patient that he can leave his dentures in place for the treatment
- E. Ensuring that the patient is closely supervised for at least the first 12 hours afterward
Correct Answer: A,C,E
Rationale: ECT requires informed consent (A), warning about post-procedure confusion (C), and close supervision afterward (E) due to risks like disorientation. Patients must be NPO (no food or fluids) before ECT, and dentures must be removed to prevent airway obstruction, making B and D incorrect.
A nurse is reviewing information about a psychiatric medication that describes the amount of the drug that actually reaches systemic circulation unchanged. The nurse identifies this as which of the following?
- A. First-pass effect
- B. Bioavailability
- C. Solubility
- D. Biotransformation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Bioavailability is the proportion of a drug that reaches systemic circulation unchanged. The first-pass effect reduces bioavailability, solubility affects dissolution, and biotransformation is metabolism, not systemic delivery.
During the stabilization phase of drug therapy for a patient who is hospitalized with a psychiatric disorder, which action would be most appropriate?
- A. Discussing the timing of tapering the medication
- B. Instructing the patient about relapse prevention
- C. Determining if the medication is losing its effect
- D. Assessing the patient for target symptoms and side effects
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The stabilization phase focuses on optimizing medication to control symptoms while monitoring for side effects. Assessing target symptoms and side effects ensures efficacy and safety. Tapering, relapse prevention, and loss of effect are addressed in later phases, such as maintenance or discontinuation.