Nokea
After the introduction of the Back to Sleep campaign in 1992, an increased incidence has been noted of which pediatric issues?
- A. Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
- B. Plagiocephaly
- C. Failure to thrive
- D. Apnea of infancy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Plagiocephaly is a misshapen head caused by the prolonged pressure on one side of the skull. If that side becomes misshapen, facial asymmetry may result. SIDS has decreased by more than 40% with the introduction of the Back to Sleep campaign. Apnea of infancy and failure to thrive are unrelated to the Back to Sleep campaign.
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The parent of an infant with colic tells the nurse, All this baby does is scream at me; it is a constant worry. What is the nurses best action?
- A. Encourage the parent to verbalize feelings.
- B. Encourage the parent not to worry so much.
- C. Assess the parent for other signs of inadequate parenting.
- D. Reassure the parent that colic rarely lasts past age 9 months.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Colic is multifactorial, and no single treatment is effective for all infants. The parent is verbalizing concern and worry. The nurse should allow the parent to put these feelings into words. An empathetic, gentle, and reassuring attitude, in addition to suggestions about remedies, will help alleviate the parents anxiety. The nurse should reassure the parent that he or she is not doing anything wrong. The infant with colic is experiencing spasmodic pain that is manifested by loud crying, in some cases up to 3 hours each day. Telling the parent that it will eventually go away does not help him or her through the current situation.
Rickets is caused by a deficiency in what?
- A. Vitamin A
- B. Vitamin C
- C. Folic acid and iron
- D. Vitamin D and calcium
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Fat-soluble vitamin D and calcium are necessary in adequate amounts to prevent rickets. No correlation exists between rickets and folic acid, iron, or vitamins A and C.
What is most descriptive of atopic dermatitis (AD) (eczema) in an infant?
- A. Easily cured
- B. Worse in humid climates
- C. Associated with hereditary allergies
- D. Related to upper respiratory tract infections
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: AD is a type of pruritic eczema that usually begins during infancy and is associated with allergy with a hereditary tendency. Approximately 50% of children with AD develop asthma. AD can be controlled but not cured. Manifestations of the disease are worse when environmental humidity is lower. AD is not associated with respiratory tract infections.
Which factors will decrease iron absorption and should not be given at the same time as an iron supplement?
- A. Milk
- B. Fruit juice
- C. Multivitamin
- D. Meat, fish, poultry
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Many foods interfere with iron absorption and should be avoided when iron is consumed. These foods include phosphates found in milk, phytates found in cereals, and oxalates found in many vegetables. Vitamin C-containing juices enhance the absorption of iron. Multivitamins may contain iron; no contraindication exists to taking the two together. Meat, fish, and poultry do not affect absorption.
At a well-child check-up, the nurse notes that an infant with a previous diagnosis of failure to thrive (FTT) is now steadily gaining weight. The nurse should recommend that fruit juice intake be limited to no more than how much?
- A. 4 oz/day
- B. 6 oz/day
- C. 8 oz/day
- D. 12 oz/day
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Restrict juice intake in children with FTT until adequate weight gain has been achieved with appropriate milk sources; thereafter, give no more than 4 oz/day of juice.