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What may a clinical manifestation of failure to thrive (FTT) in a 13-month-old include?
- A. Irregularity in activities of daily living
- B. Preferring solid food to milk or formula
- C. Weight that is at or below the 10th percentile
- D. Appropriate achievement of developmental landmarks
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: One of the clinical manifestations of children with FTT is irregularity or low rhythmicity in activities of daily living. Children with FTT often refuse to switch from liquids to solid foods. Weight below the fifth percentile is indicative of FTT. Developmental delays, including social, motor, adaptive, and language, exist.
You may also like to solve these questions
Where do eczematous lesions most commonly occur in an infant?
- A. Abdomen, cheeks, and scalp
- B. Buttocks, abdomen, and scalp
- C. Back and flexor surfaces of the arms and legs
- D. Cheeks and extensor surfaces of the arms and legs
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The lesions of atopic dermatitis are generalized in infants. They are most common on the cheeks, scalp, trunk, and extensor surfaces of the extremities. The abdomen and buttocks are not common sites of lesions. The back and flexor surfaces are not usually involved.
A 1-year-old child is on a pure vegetarian (vegan) diet. This diet requires supplementation with what?
- A. Niacin
- B. Folic acid
- C. Vitamins D and B12
- D. Vitamins C and E
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pure vegetarian (vegan) diets eliminate any food of animal origin, including milk and eggs. These diets require supplementation with many vitamins, especially vitamin B6, vitamin B12, riboflavin, vitamin D, iron, and zinc. Niacin, folic acid, and vitamins C and E are readily obtainable from foods of vegetable origin.
What is most descriptive of atopic dermatitis (AD) (eczema) in an infant?
- A. Easily cured
- B. Worse in humid climates
- C. Associated with hereditary allergies
- D. Related to upper respiratory tract infections
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: AD is a type of pruritic eczema that usually begins during infancy and is associated with allergy with a hereditary tendency. Approximately 50% of children with AD develop asthma. AD can be controlled but not cured. Manifestations of the disease are worse when environmental humidity is lower. AD is not associated with respiratory tract infections.
After the introduction of the Back to Sleep campaign in 1992, an increased incidence has been noted of which pediatric issues?
- A. Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
- B. Plagiocephaly
- C. Failure to thrive
- D. Apnea of infancy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Plagiocephaly is a misshapen head caused by the prolonged pressure on one side of the skull. If that side becomes misshapen, facial asymmetry may result. SIDS has decreased by more than 40% with the introduction of the Back to Sleep campaign. Apnea of infancy and failure to thrive are unrelated to the Back to Sleep campaign.
Which statement best describes colic?
- A. Periods of abdominal pain resulting in weight loss
- B. Usually the result of poor or inadequate mothering
- C. Periods of abdominal pain and crying occurring in infants older than age 6 months
- D. A paroxysmal abdominal pain or cramping manifested by episodes of loud crying
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Colic is described as paroxysmal abdominal pain or cramping that is manifested by loud crying and drawing up the legs to the abdomen. Weight loss is not part of the clinical picture. There are many theories about the cause of colic. Emotional stress or tension between the parent and child is one component. This is not consistent throughout all cases. Colic is most common in infants younger than 3 months of age.