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After the surgical incision has been clised and the anesthesia has wear-off, the patient is extubated and transferred to the postanesthesia care unit (PACU). Who is responsible for transferring the patient?
- A. Circulating nurse
- B. scrub nurse
- C. surgeon
- D. anesthesiologist
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The anesthesiologist is responsible for transferring the patient to the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) after the surgical incision has been closed and the anesthesia has worn off. The anesthesiologist ensures that the patient is stable and ready for transfer, including assessing vital signs and overall condition. Due to their specialized training in anesthesia and perioperative care, the anesthesiologist is best equipped to manage the transition of care from the operating room to the PACU, where the patient will continue to be monitored closely during the immediate postoperative period.
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A nurse is teaching a parent of an infant about treatment of seborrhea dermatitis (cradle cap). Which should the nurse include in the instructions?
- A. Shampoo every three days with a mild soap.
- B. The hair should be shampooed with a medicated shampoo.
- C. Shampoo every day with an antiseborrheic shampoo.
- D. The loosened crusts should not be removed with a fine-toothed comb.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse should include in the instructions to shampoo every three days with a mild soap. Seborrheic dermatitis, commonly known as cradle cap in infants, is a common condition characterized by greasy, yellowish, scaly patches on the scalp. Mild cases of cradle cap typically do not require aggressive treatment. Using a mild soap and shampooing every few days can help loosen the scales and prevent buildup without causing irritation to the infant's delicate skin. It is important not to shampoo too frequently or use harsh products as this can exacerbate the condition. Additionally, the loosened crusts can be gently massaged and removed after shampooing with a soft brush or cloth, but it is not necessary to use a fine-toothed comb, as this may cause skin irritation.
Assume you are going to estimate the prevalence of amoebic dysentery in a small country which harbors a total number of population of 530,000; you find that 57,000 of the population are infected by the disease. The prevalence of this disease is closest to
- A. 5.33%
- B. 7.45%
- C. 10.75%
- D. 20.22%
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Prevalence = (Number of infected / Total population) * 100 = (57,000 / 530,000) * 100 ≈ 10.75%.
The pediatric nurse advises a parent how to best convey the circumstances surrounding the sudden death of an 18-month-old patient to a four-year-old sibling. The nurse anticipates that the sibling:
- A. may feel guilty about the patient's death.
- B. may mistrust the parent.
- C. understands the permanence of death.
- D. will role-play the patient's death.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Young children often struggle with understanding death and may internalize feelings of guilt, believing they had a role in the event.
The nurse is conducting an admission assessment on a school-age child with acute renal failure. Which are the primary clinical manifestations the nurse expects to find with this condition?
- A. Oliguria and hypertension
- B. Hematuria and pallor
- C. Proteinuria and muscle cramps
- D. Bacteriuria and facial edema
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Acute renal failure is characterized by a sudden decrease in kidney function, resulting in the reduced ability to excrete waste products and maintain fluid balance. The primary clinical manifestations typically seen in acute renal failure include oliguria (low urine output) due to decreased kidney function, and hypertension (high blood pressure) as the body retains excess fluid and waste products. These symptoms indicate impaired kidney function and the need for immediate medical intervention to prevent further complications. Hematuria, proteinuria, muscle cramps, bacteriuria, and facial edema are not typically primary clinical manifestations of acute renal failure.
Which of the following dietary interventions prevents the precipitation of calcium renal stones?
- A. High fiber diet
- B. Increased protein intake
- C. High fluid intake
- D. Intake of zinc
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: High fluid intake is the dietary intervention that prevents the precipitation of calcium renal stones. By increasing fluid intake, particularly water, the urine gets diluted, thus reducing the concentration of substances that can lead to the formation of kidney stones, including calcium. Drinking enough water can also help to flush out any potential stone-forming minerals or substances before they have a chance to crystallize and form stones in the kidney. It is recommended to have an adequate fluid intake of around 2 to 3 liters per day to reduce the risk of calcium stone formation in the kidneys. High fiber diet, increased protein intake, and intake of zinc do not directly prevent the precipitation of calcium renal stones as effectively as maintaining high fluid intake.