Nokea
Which screening test for colorectal cancer should the nurse recommend?
- A. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) test
- B. Annual digital examination after age 50
- C. Barium enema after age 50
- D. Proctosigmoidoscopy after age 50
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The nurse should recommend a proctosigmoidoscopy for colorectal cancer screening in individuals over the age of 50. This procedure allows for the visualization of the lower part of the colon and rectum, which are common sites for precancerous and cancerous lesions to develop. Proctosigmoidoscopy can help identify abnormalities early on, allowing for prompt intervention and treatment. This screening method helps in detecting colorectal cancer or pre-cancerous polyps at an early stage when they are more easily treatable. Regular screening is essential for early detection and prevention of colorectal cancer. Other screening tests such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) test, annual digital examination, and barium enema are not recommended as primary screening methods for colorectal cancer.
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Which of the following lab value profiles should the nurse know to be consistent with hemolytic anemia?
- A. Increased RBC, decreased bilirubin, decreased Hgb and Hct, increased reticulocytes
- B. Decreased RBC, increased bilirubin, decreased Hgb and Hct, increased reticulocytes
- C. Decreased RBC, decreased bilirubin, increased Hgb and Hct, decreased reticulocytes
- D. Increased RBC, increased bilirubin, increased Hgb and Hct, decreased reticulocytes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hemolytic anemias are characterized by the premature destruction of red blood cells. As a result, the lab values typically seen in hemolytic anemia include decreased red blood cell counts (RBC), increased bilirubin (due to the breakdown of red blood cells), decreased hemoglobin (Hgb) and hematocrit (Hct) levels, and increased reticulocytes (immature red blood cells released from the bone marrow in response to the increased demand for red blood cell production). Therefore, profile B aligns with the expected lab values consistent with hemolytic anemia.
Choose the condition th₃aâ»t exhibits blood values with a low pH and a low plasma bicarbonate concentration:
- A. Respiratory acidosis
- B. Metabolic acidosis
- C. Respiratory alkalosis
- D. Metabolic alkalosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Metabolic acidosis is a condition characterized by a low pH (acidemia) and a low plasma bicarbonate concentration. In this condition, the body either produces too much acid, kidneys cannot remove enough acid, or there is a bicarbonate loss. This leads to an excess of hydrogen ions in the body, resulting in a decrease in pH and bicarbonate levels. Respiratory acidosis, on the other hand, is characterized by a low pH and a high carbon dioxide concentration. Respiratory alkalosis is characterized by a high pH and a low carbon dioxide concentration. Metabolic alkalosis is characterized by a high pH and a high bicarbonate concentration.
The cause of death of most AIDS patients who develop multiple opportunistic infections is/are the following: a.Weakened immune system impairs response to therapy
- A. AH of these (a, b, c)
- B. Weakened immune system impairs resistance to infection
- C. Infection cannot be treated effectively
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The cause of death of most AIDS patients who develop multiple opportunistic infections can be attributed to a combination of factors.
A mother of a term neonate asks what the thick, white, cheesy coating is on his skin. Which correctly describes this finding?
- A. Lanugo
- B. Milia
- C. Nevus flammeus
- D. Vernix 6
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The thick, white, cheesy coating on the skin of a newborn baby is called vernix caseosa. It is a substance produced by the fetal sebaceous glands and is meant to protect the baby's skin while in the amniotic fluid. Vernix helps to maintain the skin's hydration, provides a barrier against infection, and aids in the transition from the wet intrauterine environment to the dry extrauterine world. It is usually found on the skin of term newborns but can be present in preterm babies as well. As the baby is exposed to air and dries off, the vernix will naturally diminish.
Complete bed rest What is the most common congenital heart disease?
- A. ASD
- B. TOF
- C. VSD
- D. CHF
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The most common congenital heart disease is Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD). VSD is a heart condition present at birth where there is a hole in the wall (septum) separating the lower chambers of the heart (ventricles). This hole allows oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle to mix with oxygen-poor blood in the right ventricle, leading to increased pulmonary blood flow and potentially causing complications such as pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy. VSD can be classified as an acyanotic heart defect with a left to right shunt. Treatment options for VSD include monitoring, medications, and in some cases, surgical intervention.