Nokea
Age group categories within older adults are classified as 'young old,' 'old,' and 'oldest old,' the latter of which comprises adults aged _____.
- A. 70-80 years
- B. 75-84 years
- C. 80-90 years
- D. 85 years or older
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
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Which metabolic disease is characterized by poor healing, severe forms of periodontal disease, necrosis, xerostomia, and candidiasis?
- A. Hypopituitarism
- B. Diabetes mellitus
- C. Hyperthyroidism
- D. Renal disease
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Diabetes mellitus is the correct answer. It is associated with poor wound healing, severe periodontal disease, tissue necrosis, dry mouth (xerostomia), and an increased susceptibility to oral infections like candidiasis. Hypopituitarism, hyperthyroidism, and renal disease are not typically linked to the specific oral manifestations described in the question.
For patients with anemia, which vitamin is crucial for the absorption of iron?
- A. Vitamin A
- B. Vitamin C
- C. Vitamin D
- D. Vitamin E
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is Vitamin C. Vitamin C enhances the absorption of non-heme iron, which is crucial for patients with anemia. Vitamin A (Choice A) is not directly involved in iron absorption. Vitamin D (Choice C) helps with calcium absorption, not iron. Vitamin E (Choice D) does not have a significant role in iron absorption.
What type of drug would most likely be given to a patient following a myocardial infarction?
- A. antiemetic
- B. anticoagulant
- C. anticonvulsant
- D. antibiotic
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Anticoagulants are the most suitable choice for a patient following a myocardial infarction. These medications are essential in preventing further blood clots from forming in the arteries, reducing the risk of complications such as strokes or recurrent heart attacks. Antiemetics are used to control nausea and vomiting, not directly related to myocardial infarction. Anticonvulsants are used to manage seizures, not typically indicated after a heart attack. Antibiotics are prescribed to treat bacterial infections, not routinely given after a myocardial infarction.
Which vitamin's recommended dietary allowance (RDA) is significantly increased during pregnancy?
- A. Folate
- B. Thiamine (B1)
- C. Riboflavin (B2)
- D. Niacin (B3)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Folate. During pregnancy, the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for folate is significantly increased to support fetal development and prevent neural tube defects and other congenital anomalies. Folate plays a crucial role in DNA synthesis and cell growth, making it essential for the rapidly dividing cells of the developing fetus. Thiamine (B1), Riboflavin (B2), and Niacin (B3) are important vitamins, but their RDAs do not undergo as significant an increase during pregnancy as folate's RDA does.
Dietary fiber has been recommended for its possible benefits in reducing heart disease by lowering blood cholesterol. How is fiber thought to play its role in lowering blood cholesterol?
- A. Insoluble fiber binds with cholesterol in the large intestine and is excreted in feces
- B. Viscous fiber binds with bile in the intestine and is excreted in feces
- C. Soluble fiber binds with cholesterol in the blood and is excreted by the liver
- D. Insoluble fiber converts to bile in the large intestine and binds with cholesterol
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Viscous (soluble) fiber binds with bile acids in the intestine, which are then excreted. The liver must use cholesterol to make more bile acids, thereby lowering blood cholesterol levels. Choice A is incorrect as insoluble fiber does not bind with cholesterol in the large intestine. Choice C is incorrect as soluble fiber does not directly bind with cholesterol in the blood. Choice D is incorrect as insoluble fiber does not convert to bile in the large intestine to bind with cholesterol.