Nokea
Albumin is a protein in the plasma portion of the blood. Under normal conditions, albumin cannot pass through the wall of a capillary. What significance is this for the vascular compartment?
- A. Helps push oxygen into the tissues of the body
- B. Retains leukocytes in the vascular compartment
- C. Helps retain fluid in the vascular compartment
- D. Absorbs carbon dioxide from the tissues for transport to the lungs
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Under normal conditions, albumin cannot pass through a capillary wall. Consequently, albumin helps maintain the osmotic pressure that retains fluid in the vascular compartment. Albumin does not push oxygen into the tissues of the body or absorb carbon dioxide for transport to the lungs. Albumin also does not retain leukocytes in the vascular compartment.
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The nurse observes that a client who had an arterial blood gas performed 30 minutes ago is still oozing blood from the puncture site. Pressure was held to the site for 5 minutes after the puncture and another 5 minutes when the site was still oozing. What factor does the nurse know will participate in the ability for the blood to clot?
- A. Platelets
- B. Leukocytes
- C. Erythrocytes
- D. Albumin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Platelets participate in clotting blood. Leukocytes protect against infection. Erythrocytes transport oxygen, and albumin affects intravascular osmotic pressure.
The nurse is observing the skin of a client who is taking medications that depress the hematopoietic system and notices multiple areas of ecchymosis on the arms; bleeding for a prolonged period after an IV was started; and reports of black, tarry stool. What does the nurse understand may be a side effect of this medication that the client displays?
- A. Leukocytosis
- B. Leukopenia
- C. Thrombocytopenia
- D. Neutropenia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Signs of thrombocytopenia include unusual or easy bleeding; oozing from injection sites; bleeding gums; and dark, tarry stools. Leukocytosis would cause fever as well as other signs and symptoms of infection. Leukopenia symptoms are fever, sore throat, and chills. Neutropenia reduces the client's ability to fight infection and makes susceptible to microorganisms.
Macrophages attack and destroy foreign substances to the body. Where does this action occur?
- A. At the site of trauma
- B. In the lymph node
- C. In the vascular system
- D. In the thymus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: As lymph passes through the node, macrophages attack and engulf foreign substances such as bacteria and viruses, abnormal body cells, and other debris. The other options are incorrect.
The nurse is caring for a client who is undergoing bone marrow aspiration to determine the blood cell formation status. What nursing intervention should the nurse provide to the client during the test?
- A. Administer oral radioactive vitamin Bâ??â?? to the client.
- B. Administer a nonradioactive Bâ??â?? injection.
- C. Collect urine for 24 to 48 hours after the client receives the nonradioactive Bâ??â??.
- D. Support the client and monitor the status.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: When a client undergoes a bone marrow aspiration, the nurse assists the physician, supports the client during the procedure, and monitors the condition afterward. The client needs to be administered oral radioactive vitamin Bâ??â?? or a nonradioactive Bâ??â?? injection in case of the Schilling test, which helps in determining pernicious anemia and macrocytic anemia. Collecting urine for 24 to 48 hours after administering nonradioactive Bâ??â?? is also applicable to the Schilling test.
The nurse is reviewing laboratory studies that determine a client is deficient in copper. What does the nurse understand is the importance of copper in the body?
- A. Essential for the maturation of red blood cells
- B. Basic nutritional component of heme in hemoglobin
- C. Involved in the transfer of iron from storage to plasma
- D. Serves as a coenzyme in hemoglobin formation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Copper is involved in the transfer of iron from storage to plasma. Folic acid and Bâ??â?? are essential for the maturation of red blood cells. Iron is the basic nutritional component of heme in hemoglobin. Vitamin B6 serves as a coenzyme in hemoglobin formation.