Nokea
All of the following are examples of secondary disease prevention EXCEPT
- A. leading a support group for people who suffer from depression.
- B. mammogram screenings.
- C. testing and treatment of babies born to mothers with syphilis.
- D. developing a daily exercise program to prevent a second MI.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Secondary prevention detects/treats disease early (mammograms, syphilis testing, exercise post-MI). Support groups (A) are tertiary, aiding coping with existing disease.
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A 38-year-old woman, mother of two, has a mastectomy for breast cancer. When she returns to the physician’s office a month later for a routine check-up, the nurse asks the client how she has been. Which of the following responses, if made by the client to the nurse, indicates that the client is experiencing a normal reaction to the surgery?
- A. I have been helping my family deal with their feelings about the surgery.
- B. I have been having difficulty coping with the surgery and cry frequently.
- C. I have been unable to leave the house or talk to my friends about the surgery.
- D. I am doing just great since the surgery and have gone back to work at my job.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: normal reaction one month later
A 5-year-old client with hyperthyroidism is admitted to the pediatric unit. What would the nurse expect the admitting assessment to reveal?
- A. Bradycardia
- B. Decreased appetite
- C. Exophthalmos
- D. Weight gain
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Exophthalmos (bulging eyes) is a common sign of hyperthyroidism due to thyroid hormone effects on orbital tissues.
Intra-arterial chemotherapy primarily benefits the client by applying greater concentrations of medication directly to the malignant tumor. An additional benefit of intra-arterial chemotherapy is:
- A. Prevention of nausea and vomiting
- B. Treatment of micro-metastasis
- C. Eradication of bone pain
- D. Prevention of therapy-induced anemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Intra-arterial chemotherapy can treat micro-metastases by delivering high drug concentrations to the tumor and surrounding areas.
The nurse is doing a digital removal of stool for a client with a large fecal impaction resulting from opioid use when the client feels faint, and assessment of vital signs shows a marked decrease in pulse. Which of the following is the most likely reason for the change in pulse rate?
- A. Stimulation of the vagus nerve
- B. Onset of shock
- C. Internal bleeding
- D. Anxiety
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Digital stool removal can stimulate the vagus nerve (A), causing bradycardia and faintness. Shock (B), bleeding (C), or anxiety (D) are less likely.
The nurse is aware that a common mode of transmission of clostridium difficile is:
- A. Use of unsterile surgical equipment
- B. Contamination with sputum
- C. Through the urinary catheter
- D. Contamination with stool
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: C. difficile is transmitted via fecal-oral route through contaminated stool.