Nokea
All of the following are potential signs or symptoms of growth hormone deficiency except:
- A. Abnormal lipid profile
- B. Atherosclerosis
- C. Increased bone mineral density
- D. Left ventricular dysfunction
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is commonly associated with decreased bone mineral density, leading to an increased risk of fractures and osteoporosis. Therefore, increased bone mineral density would not typically be a sign or symptom of GHD. On the other hand, abnormal lipid profile, atherosclerosis, and left ventricular dysfunction are all potential signs or symptoms of GHD. Abnormal lipid profile can manifest as increased levels of LDL cholesterol and decreased levels of HDL cholesterol. Atherosclerosis, the buildup of plaque in the arteries, can occur in individuals with GHD due to the impact on lipid metabolism. Left ventricular dysfunction may also be seen in individuals with GHD due to the role of growth hormone in cardiac function and structure.
You may also like to solve these questions
Postmenopausal estrogen therapy has been shown to increase a female's risk of all the following clinical outcomes except:
- A. Breast cancer
- B. Hip fracture
- C. Myocardial infarction
- D. Venous thromboembolism Endocrine Answers 1 C 26 B 51 D 76 B 2 C 27 A 52 A 77 C 3 B 28 C 53 B 78 D 4 B 29 D 54 B 79 D 5 C 30 B 55 C 80 C 6 A 31 B 56 C 81 C 7 A 32 D 57 B 82 A 8 B 33 D 58 C 83 C 9 C 34 C 59 A 84 B 10 C 35 C 60 A 85 A 11 B 36 A 61 B 86 B 12 A 37 D 62 A 87 D 13 B 38 B 63 A 88 A 14 C 39 D 64 B 89 C 15 D 40 A 65 B 90 A 16 D 41 D 66 D 91 D 17 A 42 D 67 A 92 B 18 C 43 D 68 C 93 A 19 A 44 B 69 A 94 A 20 B 45 B 70 A 95 A 21 A 46 A 71 A 96 D 22 B 47 C 72 B 97 D 23 B 48 A 73 D 98 B 24 B 49 D 74 B 99 D 25 B 50 C 75 D 100 B
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Postmenopausal estrogen therapy has been shown to have a protective effect on bone density and reduce the risk of osteoporosis-related fractures, including hip fractures. Estrogen therapy helps to maintain bone strength and reduce the chances of fractures in postmenopausal women. Therefore, estrogen therapy does not increase the risk of hip fractures; in fact, it may decrease the risk of hip fractures in this population.
Cortisol secretion is directly stimulated by:
- A. Aldosterone
- B. Prolactin
- C. ACTH
- D. CRH
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cortisol secretion is directly stimulated by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which is produced and released by the anterior pituitary gland in response to corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) from the hypothalamus. ACTH acts on the adrenal cortex to stimulate the production and release of cortisol. Aldosterone is another hormone produced by the adrenal cortex, but it is not directly involved in the stimulation of cortisol secretion. Prolactin is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland that plays a role in lactation, not cortisol secretion. High blood potassium levels can stimulate aldosterone secretion but do not directly stimulate cortisol secretion.
All of the following develop into dwarfism except:
- A. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
- B. Hypopituitarism
- C. Homocystinuria
- D. Pseudohypoparathyroidism
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia does not lead to dwarfism. It is a group of genetic disorders that affect the adrenal glands and can cause various symptoms related to hormone imbalances. In contrast, the other conditions listed - hypopituitarism, homocystinuria, and pseudohypoparathyroidism - can all lead to dwarfism through different mechanisms. Hypopituitarism is characterized by a deficiency of pituitary hormones, including growth hormone, which can result in stunted growth and dwarfism. Homocystinuria is a metabolic disorder that can affect bone growth and lead to skeletal abnormalities resulting in dwarfism. Pseudohypoparathyroidism is a rare genetic disorder that can manifest with short stature or dwarfism due to skeletal abnormalities caused by altered bone metabolism.
Which of the followings is consistent with neuropathic pain due to diabetes:
- A. Burning pain
- B. Electric shock quality
- C. Tingling
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Neuropathic pain due to diabetes can present with a variety of symptoms, including burning pain, electric shock quality, and tingling sensation. These symptoms are commonly reported by individuals with diabetic neuropathy, which is the most common form of neuropathic pain associated with diabetes. The combination of these sensations can significantly impact the quality of life for those living with diabetes and neuropathic pain. Therefore, all of the above options are consistent with neuropathic pain due to diabetes.
Which of the following is not a symptom of Cushing's syndrome?
- A. Easy bruising
- B. Weight gain
- C. Acne
- D. Weight loss
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Weight gain is a common symptom of Cushing's syndrome due to the excessive production of cortisol, a hormone that regulates metabolism and fat storage. The other symptoms listed, such as easy bruising, acne, and stretch marks, are also characteristic features of Cushing's syndrome. However, weight loss is typically not associated with this condition. In fact, individuals with Cushing's syndrome often experience unexplained and rapid weight gain, especially in the face, abdomen, and upper back (resulting in a characteristic "buffalo hump" appearance), rather than weight loss.