Nokea
All of the following are true regarding attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), except
- A. Dopamine transporter gene (DAT1) and dopamine 4 receptor gene (DRD4) are implicated in the diagnosis
- B. Impaired fine motor movement and poor coordination are 'soft' but specific signs of ADHD
- C. Developmentally inappropriate behavior must commence before 7 years of age and present for at least 6 months
- D. Maternal lead exposure is associated with ADHD
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Impaired fine motor movement and poor coordination are not specific signs of ADHD; they are nonspecific and can occur in other conditions.
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Systolic murmur in which among the following conditions does not increase in intensity in the cardiac cycle after a premature ventricular contraction?
- A. Valvular aortic stenosis
- B. Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
- C. Valvular pulmonic stenosis
- D. Mitral valve prolapse
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Mitral valve prolapse does not typically increase in intensity after a premature ventricular contraction.
What is one reason why patients with CHD are more likely to have rejection post-transplant than those with cardiomyopathy?
- A. Sensitized recipients with panel reactive antibody (PRA)
- B. Absence of systemic disease
- C. History of good compliance
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) are often sensitized due to prior surgeries and blood transfusions, leading to a higher risk of rejection post-transplant.
Duchenne muscular dystrophy:
- A. Has an association with malignant hyperpyrexia
- B. Is a reason for never running properly
- C. Is better diagnosed with muscle biopsy than gene probe
- D. Is associated with speech delay
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Duchenne muscular dystrophy is associated with speech delay due to progressive muscle weakness, including facial muscles affecting speech.
Type I renal tubular acidosis:
- A. Only occurs in children
- B. Is caused by a failure of ammonium ion secretion
- C. Is associated with renal calcification
- D. Typically leads to hypovolaemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Type I renal tubular acidosis is characterized by a failure in ammonium ion secretion, leading to a failure to acidify urine, which can result in metabolic acidosis.
A male client with diabetes mellitus (DM) is transferred from the hospital to a rehabilitation facility following treatment for a stroke with resulting right hemiplegia. He tells the nurse that his feet are always uncomfortably cool at night, preventing him from falling asleep. Which action should the nurse implement.
- A. Provide a warming pad (Aqua-pad or K-pad) to feet
- B. Medicate the client with a prescribed sedative
- C. Use a bed cradle to hold the covers off the feet
- D. Place warm blankets next to the client's feet
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Warm blankets can help improve circulation and provide comfort without the risk of burns associated with heating pads.