Nokea
All the following are true regarding coarctation of the aorta EXCEPT
- A. notching of ribs is noted
- B. doppler is useful for demonstrating severe obstruction
- C. diagnostic catheterization is mandatory before surgery
- D. CT and MRI are valuable noninvasive tools for evaluation when the echocardiogram is equivocal
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Diagnostic catheterization is not always mandatory before surgery for coarctation of the aorta.
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When explaining dietary guidelines to a client with acute glomerulonephritis (AGN), which instruction should the nurse include in the dietary teaching?
- A. Restrict sodium intake
- B. Encourage high-protein foods.
- C. Increase potassium intake.
- D. Decrease fluid intake.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sodium restriction helps manage fluid retention and hypertension, which are common in AGN.
Toddler's diarrhoea is characterised by:
- A. Onset over 18 months
- B. Failure to thrive
- C. Excessive consumption of cow's milk
- D. Undigested food particles in the stool
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because undigested food particles in the stool are a hallmark of toddler's diarrhoea. The other options (a, b, c, e) are less specific.
The nurse is teaching a client with glomerulonephritis about self-care. Which dietary recommendations should the nurse encourage the client to follow?
- A. Increase intake of high-fiber foods, such as bran cereal
- B. Restrict protein intake by limiting meats and other high-protein foods
- C. Limit oral fluid intake to 500 ml per day
- D. Increase intake of potassium-rich foods such as bananas or cantaloupe
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Reducing protein intake helps decrease the workload on the kidneys, which is beneficial in glomerulonephritis.
Early features of heart failure in infancy include:
- A. Bradycardia
- B. Oedema
- C. Tachypnoea
- D. Hepatomegaly
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tachypnoea is an early indicator of heart failure in infants, as the body tries to compensate for reduced oxygenation by increasing the respiratory rate.
HLA B27 positivity is least common in
- A. Ankylosing spondylosis
- B. Juvenile psoriatic arthritis
- C. Inflammatory bowel disease
- D. Reactive arthritis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: HLA B27 positivity is least common in inflammatory bowel disease compared to the other conditions listed.