Nokea
Although children with Wilms tumor have a favorable prognosis, there are some adverse prognostic factors in children with Wilms tumor EXCEPT
- A. large tumors
- B. anaplastic histology
- C. loss of heterozygosity at chromosome 1p and 16q
- D. young age at diagnosis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Young age at diagnosis is generally associated with a favorable prognosis.
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Herpes zoster is caused by the varicella virus and has an affinity for:
- A. sympathetic nerve fibers.
- B. parasympathetic nerve fibers.
- C. posterior root ganglia and posterior horn of the spinal cord.
- D. lateral and dorsal columns of the spinal cord.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Herpes zoster, commonly known as shingles, is caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus, the same virus that causes chickenpox. This virus has an affinity for sensory nerve fibers, particularly those located in the posterior root ganglia and the posterior horn of the spinal cord. When the virus becomes reactivated, it travels along these nerves to the skin, leading to the characteristic painful rash and blisters that are seen in herpes zoster. The involvement of these specific nerve fibers explains the typical dermatomal distribution of the rash in shingles.
Place the following four nursing actions for the new laryngectomee in correct order of priority? i.Assist with ambulation ii.Set up a visit from a well-adjusted laryngectomee iii.Maintain a patent airway iv.Control postoperative pain
- A. 1, 2, 3, 4
- B. 3, 4, 1, 2
- C. 2, 3, 4, 1
- D. 4, 1, 2, 3
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: 1. Setting up a visit from a well-adjusted laryngectomee should be the first priority. This action will provide emotional support and guidance from someone who has gone through a similar experience, which can be extremely beneficial for the new laryngectomee in adjusting to their new situation and learning coping strategies.
These facts are true regarding the developmental stage of preschool children EXCEPT
- A. handedness is achieved by 3 years of age
- B. boys are usually later than girls in achieving bladder control
- C. knowing gender by 4 years
- D. musturbation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Musturbation is not a recognized developmental milestone.
A patient is admitted with symptoms of a recent weight gain, 3+ pitting edema of his feet, distended neck veins, and crackles in his lungs. Which of the following nursing diagnoses is most appropriate for this patient's plan of care?
- A. Deficient fluid volume
- B. Imbalanced nutrition more than body requirements
- C. Excess fluid volume
- D. Noncompliance
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The patient's symptoms of recent weight gain, 3+ pitting edema of his feet, distended neck veins, and crackles in his lungs are indicative of fluid volume excess. These signs and symptoms suggest that the patient is retaining too much fluid, leading to the edema and congestion in the lungs. The nursing diagnosis of Excess Fluid Volume is appropriate for this patient as it reflects the patient's current physiological state and guides the plan of care to address excess fluid accumulation through interventions such as diuretic therapy, fluid restriction, and monitoring of intake and output. Deficient fluid volume, Imbalanced nutrition more than body requirements, and Noncompliance are not appropriate nursing diagnoses given the patient's presentation of fluid overload.
Which blood product replaces missing clotting factors in the patient who has a bleeding disorder?
- A. Platelets
- B. Albumin
- C. Packed RBC
- D. Cryoprecipitate
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cryoprecipitate is a blood product that contains concentrated amounts of clotting factors, including fibrinogen, Factor VIII, Factor XIII, and von Willebrand factor. These clotting factors are essential for the formation of blood clots, and when a patient has a bleeding disorder such as hemophilia or von Willebrand disease, cryoprecipitate is used to replace the missing or deficient clotting factors. Platelets are used to help with clot formation in cases of thrombocytopenia, albumin is used to treat low albumin levels in conditions like liver disease, and packed RBCs are used to treat anemia by providing oxygen-carrying red blood cells. However, for a patient with a bleeding disorder needing replacement of missing clotting factors, cryoprecipitate is the most appropriate blood product.