NCLEX RN Pediatric Questions

NCLEX RN Pediatric Questions Related

Review NCLEX RN Pediatric Questions related questions and content

A patient has chronic respiratory acidosis related to long-standing lung disease. Which of the following problems is the cause?

  • A. Hyperventilation
  • B. Loss of acid by kidneys
  • C. Hypoventilation
  • D. Loss of base by kidneys CARING FOR CLIENTS REQUIRING INTRAVENOUS THERAPY
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Chronic respiratory acidosis is a condition where there is an excess of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood due to inadequate exhalation of CO2. This typically occurs as a result of hypoventilation, which is characterized by breathing at an abnormally slow rate or shallow depth. In patients with long-standing lung disease, the ability to effectively exchange gases in the lungs is compromised, leading to a buildup of CO2 in the bloodstream and subsequent respiratory acidosis. Hyperventilation, on the other hand, would result in a decrease in CO2 levels in the blood, while the loss of acid or base by the kidneys is related to metabolic acidosis or alkalosis, not respiratory acidosis. Therefore, in this case, the primary problem causing chronic respiratory acidosis is hypoventilation.

You may also like to solve these questions

A 2-year-old is noted to be drinking from a container filled with kerosene. He immediately coughs, becomes tachypneic, and is brought to the hospital. The best approach to his treatment is to

  • A. induce emesis
  • B. perform nasogastric tube lavage
  • C. instill mineral oil
  • D. administer steroids
Correct Answer: E

Rationale: Inducing emesis or performing gastric lavage can increase the risk of aspiration. The best approach is supportive care, including oxygen and monitoring.

You are examining a 12-year-old female adolescent with a small nevus in the thigh; the mother is concerned regarding the future development of melanoma. All the following findings raise suspicion of melanoma EXCEPT

  • A. enlarging nevus
  • B. changing colors
  • C. irregular margins
  • D. easily bleeds
Correct Answer: E

Rationale: Spitz nevus is a benign mimic of melanoma and does not raise suspicion.

Which part of the brain controls breathing?

  • A. Medulla
  • B. Cerebrum
  • C. Cerebellum
  • D. Thalamus
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The medulla oblongata, located in the brainstem, is responsible for controlling essential autonomic functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure. Specifically, the medulla regulates the rhythm and depth of breathing by sending signals to the respiratory muscles, including the diaphragm and intercostal muscles. In response to changing levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood, the medulla adjusts the breathing rate to maintain proper oxygenation of the body tissues. Damage to the medulla can result in respiratory failure, highlighting its critical role in controlling breathing.

Which of the following instructions should be included in the discharge teaching plan for a client after thyroidectomy for Grave's disease?

  • A. keep an accurate record of intake and output.
  • B. use nasal desmopressin acetate (DDAVP).
  • C. be sure to get regular follow-up care.
  • D. Be sure to exercise to improve cardiovascular fitness.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Regular follow-up care is crucial after a thyroidectomy for Grave's disease to monitor the patient's thyroid hormone levels, assess for signs of complications such as hypothyroidism or hypoparathyroidism, and ensure appropriate management of any related conditions. Routine follow-up visits with healthcare providers allow for ongoing assessment and adjustment of medications, as well as addressing any concerns the patient may have post-surgery. By emphasizing the importance of regular follow-up care, the healthcare team can provide necessary support and guidance to the patient throughout their recovery process.

Which statement is descriptive of renal transplantation in children?

  • A. It is an acceptable means of treatment after age 10 years.
  • B. It is the preferred means of renal replacement therapy in children.
  • C. Children can receive kidneys only from other children.
  • D. The decision for transplantation is difficult because a relatively normal lifestyle is not possible.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Renal transplantation is considered the preferred means of renal replacement therapy in children with end-stage renal disease. This is because transplantation offers the best long-term outcomes and quality of life for children compared to other forms of renal replacement therapy such as dialysis. Children who undergo successful renal transplantation tend to have improved growth, development, and overall health compared to those who remain on dialysis. Transplantation can provide children with the opportunity to live a relatively normal and healthy life, making it the preferred treatment option in pediatric patients with end-stage renal disease.

Copyright © 2025 Nokea. All rights reserved.