Nokea
Although infants may be allergic to a variety of foods, the most common allergens are:
- A. fruit and eggs.
- B. fruit, vegetables, and wheat.
- C. cow's milk and green vegetables.
- D. eggs, cow's milk, and wheat.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The most common allergens in infants are eggs, cow's milk, and wheat. These three items are among the top allergens that can trigger allergic reactions in infants. It is important for parents to be aware of these common allergens to help prevent potential allergic reactions in their infants.
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A 3-year-old child from a suburban community presents with vomiting, diarrhea, and blurred vision. Physical examination reveals an afebrile child with pinpoint pupils, salivation, and muscular fasciculations. The child's lawn was treated yesterday for insects. Which of the following tests will establish the correct diagnosis?
- A. Blood-lead level
- B. 24-hour urine mercury level
- C. Plasma cholinesterase level
- D. Urine malathion level
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The symptoms suggest organophosphate poisoning, which can be confirmed by measuring plasma cholinesterase levels, as organophosphates inhibit this enzyme.
Which of the ff. statements, if made by a patient with hypertension, indicates to a nurse a need for more teaching?
- A. "High BP may affect the kidneys and eyes."
- B. "Most people with hypertension watch their diet."
- C. "Medication will no longer be needed when I feel better."
- D. "Many people do not know when their BP is high."
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Option C, "Medication will no longer be needed when I feel better," indicates a need for more teaching by the nurse. This statement shows a misunderstanding regarding hypertension management. Hypertension is a chronic condition that often requires long-term treatment with medications even if the patient feels better. The patient should be educated on the importance of continued medication adherence to effectively manage their hypertension and prevent complications. Options A, B, and D demonstrate understanding of hypertension and its management, indicating that more teaching is not necessary in those areas.
Which of the following is the most numerous type of white blood cell (WBC)?
- A. Neutrophil
- B. Basophil
- C. Eosinophil
- D. Lymphocyte
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Neutrophils are the most numerous type of white blood cell (WBC) in the body, comprising about 60-70% of the total WBC count. They are a critical component of the immune system, playing a key role in fighting bacterial infections through phagocytosis (engulfing and destroying pathogens). Neutrophils are known for their rapid response to infections and are often the first responders to sites of inflammation. Their abundance and rapid mobilization make them essential in the body's defense against harmful pathogens.
The nurse is caring for an adolescent who had an external fixator placed after suffering a fracture of the wrist during a bicycle accident. Which statement by the adolescent should be expected about separation anxiety?
- A. "I wish my parents could spend the night with me while I am in the hospital."
- B. "I think I would like for my siblings to visit me but not my friends."
- C. "I hope my friends don't forget about visiting me."
- D. "I will be embarrassed if my friends come to the hospital to visit."
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Separation anxiety is a common response in adolescents who have had to be separated from their family and friends due to hospitalization or medical treatment. In this situation, the adolescent expressing a desire for their parents to spend the night with them in the hospital is indicative of separation anxiety. They may feel comforted and secure by having their parents close by during this challenging time. The other statements do not directly reflect separation anxiety but rather focus on preferences for visitors and concerns about embarrassment.
A teen asks a nurse, "What is physical dependence in substance abuse?" Which is the correct response by the nurse?
- A. Problem that occurs in conjunction with addiction
- B. Involuntary physiologic response to drug
- C. Culturally defined use of drugs for purposes other than accepted medical purposes
- D. Voluntary behavior based on psychosocial needs
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Physical dependence in substance abuse refers to the body's physiological adaptation to a drug, leading to the development of withdrawal symptoms when the drug is abruptly stopped or reduced in dosage. This is different from addiction, which involves psychological dependence and compulsive drug-seeking behavior despite harmful consequences. Physical dependence is typically characterized by tolerance (needing higher doses to achieve the same effect) and withdrawal symptoms when the drug is stopped.