Nokea
Which of the following is MOST likely considered a risk factor for extraneural metastasis in primary brain tumors?
- A. age less than 10 year
- B. female gender
- C. ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt insertion
- D. supratentorial tumor
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Younger age is a significant risk factor for extraneural metastasis in pediatric brain tumors.
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The presence of anemia is characterized by a/an:
- A. Increase of red blood cells
- B. Increased hemoglobin
- C. Decrease in the concentration of red blood
- D. Decreased blood count cells
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Anemia is a condition characterized by a decrease in the concentration of red blood cells in the blood. This can result from various factors such as decreased production of red blood cells, increased destruction of red blood cells, or blood loss. Hemoglobin levels are often used to diagnose anemia, but the key feature of anemia is the decrease in the number of red blood cells, leading to reduced oxygen-carrying capacity in the blood. This in turn can lead to symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath.
What is the Guthrie blood test use to diagnose in the newborn?
- A. Down syndrome
- B. Isoimmunization
- C. PKU
- D. Congenital hypothyroidism (CH)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The Guthrie blood test, also known as the newborn screening test, is used to diagnose phenylketonuria (PKU) in newborns. PKU is an inherited metabolic disorder in which the body cannot properly process the amino acid phenylalanine. If left untreated, PKU can lead to intellectual disabilities and other serious health problems. The Guthrie blood test is a simple and effective way to detect PKU early so that treatment can begin promptly to prevent complications.
Which of the following chromosomal abnormalities of childhood ALL carries the highest risk of relapse despite intensive chemotherapy?
- A. t(9;22)
- B. t(4;11)
- C. hypodiploidy
- D. t(1;19)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The Philadelphia chromosome (t(9;22)) is associated with a high risk of relapse in ALL.
Which of the ff nursing interventions should a nurse perform when caring for a client with congestive heart failure who has decreased cardiac output?
- A. Encourage activities that engage the Valsalva maneuver
- B. Encourage the client to perform exercises
- C. Assess apical heart before administering digitalis
- D. Offer small frequent feedings
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Decreased cardiac output is a serious concern in clients with congestive heart failure. By assessing the apical heart rate before administering digitalis, the nurse can monitor the client's cardiac status and prevent possible complications such as digitalis toxicity. Digitalis is a medication commonly used to improve cardiac output in clients with heart failure, but it can also cause harm if given inappropriately, especially if the client's heart rate is already low. Monitoring the client's apical heart rate before giving digitalis helps ensure that the medication is safely administered and that the client's cardiac status is closely monitored. This intervention is crucial in the care of clients with congestive heart failure to optimize patient safety and outcomes.
A nurse is planning a teaching session for parents of preschool children. Which statement explains why the nurse should include information about morbidity and mortality?
- A. Life span statistics are included in the data.
- B. It explains effectiveness of treatment.
- C. Cost-effective treatment is detailed for the general population.
- D. High-risk age groups for certain disorders or hazards are identified.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Including information about morbidity and mortality is important in a teaching session for parents of preschool children because it helps identify high-risk age groups for certain disorders or hazards. By understanding which age groups are more vulnerable to specific health issues, parents can take proactive steps to protect their children and promote their overall well-being. This information also enables parents to recognize signs and symptoms early on, leading to timely interventions and better outcomes for their children's health.