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Although the child with type 1 diabetes had her prescribed insulin at 7:30 AM, the child is complaining of hunger and thirst and is drowsy at 10:30 AM. What should the nurse do first?
- A. Walk the patient in the hall for 10 minutes.
- B. Allow the patient a short nap.
- C. Give her a cup of orange juice.
- D. Test her blood with a glucometer and give insulin according to the sliding scale.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The immediate remedy is to give orange juice to raise the blood glucose, addressing symptoms of hypoglycemia.
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What is the function of an insulin pump?
- A. Releases insulin as blood glucose rises.
- B. Provides continuous infusion of insulin.
- C. Decreases need for painful glucose monitoring.
- D. Delivers a prescribed amount of insulin twice a day.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The insulin pump provides a continuous infusion of insulin via a subcutaneous tube.
Which general dietary measure should the nurse include in a teaching plan for the child with type 1 diabetes mellitus?
- A. Control intake of carbohydrates and consume fewer calories.
- B. Focus on complex carbohydrates and eat foods high in fiber.
- C. Obtain most calories from proteins and fats.
- D. Eat a diet low in fat and low in complex carbohydrates.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nutritional needs of a child with diabetes mellitus focus on complex carbohydrates and high-fiber foods to help manage blood glucose levels.
The home health nurse is monitoring an 8-month-old child with hypothyroidism taking levothyroxine (Synthroid). Which symptoms does the nurse recognize as signs of overdose? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Tachycardia
- B. Irritability
- C. Vomiting
- D. Weight gain
- E. Diaphoresis
Correct Answer: A,B,E
Rationale: Tachycardia, irritability, and diaphoresis are signs of levothyroxine overdose, while weight gain and vomiting are not.
The nurse is preparing to administer a long-acting insulin. Which insulin is considered long acting?
- A. Lispro
- B. Aspart
- C. Glargine
- D. Regular
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Insulin glargine is a long-acting insulin, unlike Lispro, Aspart, and Regular which are rapid or short-acting.
Which comment made by a school-age child indicates that he needs more teaching about diabetes mellitus and exercise?
- A. I carry a piece of hard candy with me in case I start to feel shaky.'
- B. I make sure I have emergency money when I have soccer practice or a game.'
- C. Sometimes I skip my breakfast when I have a game in the morning.'
- D. I play in soccer games that are scheduled after dinner.'
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Skipping a meal before exercise increases the risk of hypoglycemia in a child with type 1 diabetes mellitus.