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Amitriptyline, an antidepressant is the drug of choice in treating Bulimia. What is a COMMON side effect of this drug?
- A. Anticholinergic effects
- B. Cholinergic effects
- C. Urinary frequency
- D. Diarrhea
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Amitriptyline, being a tricyclic antidepressant, commonly causes anticholinergic side effects. These effects include dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision, urinary retention, and confusion. Anticholinergic effects are due to the drug's inhibition of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which can lead to the symptoms mentioned above. These side effects can be bothersome for patients taking amitriptyline, but they are generally manageable and often improve over time as the body adjusts to the medication. In the case of bulimia treatment, the benefits of using amitriptyline to address the underlying psychological issues often outweigh the side effects.
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Which of the following immunoglobulin classes is primarily involved in providing passive immunity to newborn infants through breast milk?
- A. IgA
- B. IgG
- C. IgE
- D. IgM
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: IgA is the primary immunoglobulin class involved in providing passive immunity to newborn infants through breast milk. IgA antibodies are highly concentrated in colostrum and breast milk, offering important protection to newborns against infections. IgG antibodies can also be passed from the mother to the fetus through the placenta, providing passive immunity during pregnancy, but IgA is the main immunoglobulin class transferred through breast milk for protecting the infant's gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts. IgE is mainly involved in allergies and hypersensitivity reactions, while IgM is an early responder in the immune response to infections.
One of the committee members raised the question on how to make an abstract. The question was followed by how many words are required in an abstract should (APA) style be followed.? What is the CORRECT answer?
- A. 450-550
- B. 150-250
- C. 250 -350
- D. 350-450
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When following the APA style, the recommended word count for an abstract is typically between 150 to 250 words. An abstract should serve as a concise summary of the main points of a research paper, providing the reader with a preview of the content without going into excessive detail. Keeping the abstract within the specified word range ensures that it effectively captures the essence of the paper while remaining clear and succinct.
Patient Josephine was referred to the physician, routine blood examinations were taken. After reviewing the serum electrolyte. levels an order of isotonic intravenous (IV) infusion was prescribed. Which IV solution should the nurse prepare?
- A. 5 percent dextrose in water
- B. 0.45 percent sodium chloride solution
- C. 10 percent dextrose in water
- D. 3 percent sodium chloride solution
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The order for isotonic intravenous (IV) infusion indicates that the IV solution should have an osmolarity similar to that of blood serum, which is approximately 0.9 percent sodium chloride solution (normal saline). In the given choices, the closest option to isotonic solution is the 0.45 percent sodium chloride solution. This solution is hypotonic compared to blood serum, making it a suitable choice for isotonic IV infusion to prevent fluid shifts and maintain electrolyte balance in the patient. The other options, such as 5 percent dextrose in water (hypotonic), 10 percent dextrose in water (hypertonic), and 3 percent sodium chloride solution (hypertonic), do not match the requirement for an isotonic IV solution in this case.
A patient receiving palliative care for end-stage heart failure experiences severe fatigue and limited mobility. What intervention should the palliative nurse prioritize to promote the patient's comfort and quality of life?
- A. Recommend initiating physical therapy to improve mobility and strength.
- B. Encourage the patient to conserve energy and avoid unnecessary activities.
- C. Prescribe stimulant medications to alleviate fatigue and increase energy levels.
- D. Refer the patient to a nutritionist for dietary modifications to boost energy.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In this scenario, the palliative nurse should prioritize encouraging the patient to conserve energy and avoid unnecessary activities (Option B). End-stage heart failure can lead to severe fatigue and limited mobility, making it essential for the patient to conserve energy to prevent exacerbating symptoms and improve quality of life. Engaging in physical therapy (Option A) may not be suitable for a patient experiencing severe fatigue, as it can further drain energy reserves. Prescribing stimulant medications (Option C) may have limited effectiveness and potential side effects. Referring the patient to a nutritionist for dietary modifications (Option D) is important for overall health but may not directly address the immediate comfort and quality of life concerns related to fatigue and limited mobility. Helping the patient prioritize energy conservation will allow them to use their limited energy for essential activities, leading to a more comfortable and fulfilling experience while receiving palliative care for end-stage heart failure.
A patient is prescribed an opioid analgesic for the management of acute pain. Which adverse effect should the nurse monitor closely in the patient?
- A. Hypertension
- B. Hypoglycemia
- C. Respiratory depression
- D. Hyperkalemia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Opioid analgesics are known to suppress the respiratory centers in the brain, leading to respiratory depression as a side effect. This adverse effect is particularly dangerous and potentially life-threatening, especially in patients who are opioid-naive or when high doses are administered. Therefore, it is crucial for the nurse to closely monitor the patient's respiratory rate, depth, and effort while on opioid analgesic therapy to detect early signs of respiratory depression and intervene promptly to prevent complications. Hypertension, hypoglycemia, and hyperkalemia are not commonly associated with opioid analgesics.