Reproductive Health Exam

Reproductive Health Exam Related

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Amniocentesis, a prenatal diagnostic test used to determine fetal sex, genetic anomalies, and biochemical abnormalities, is based on:

  • A. The karyotyping of the amniotic fluid
  • B. Chorionic villus sampling
  • C. Umbilical cord blood sampling
  • D. Ultrasound
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Amniocentesis involves the analysis of the fetal cells present in the amniotic fluid, which is extracted from the amniotic sac surrounding the developing fetus. This fluid contains cells shed by the fetus, which can be cultured and analyzed to obtain a karyotype, providing information about the fetal sex, genetic anomalies, and biochemical abnormalities. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because chorionic villus sampling involves obtaining a sample of the chorionic villi from the placenta, not the amniotic fluid; umbilical cord blood sampling is typically used for other purposes like assessing the baby's blood for infections or genetic disorders; and ultrasound is a diagnostic imaging technique that does not involve the analysis of fetal cells for genetic information.

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Which one of the following is not associated with poor maternal outcome?

  • A. APH
  • B. PPH
  • C. Cord prolapse
  • D. Pre-eclampsia
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Cord prolapse is not typically associated with poor maternal outcomes. Acute placental hemorrhage (APH - choice A) and postpartum hemorrhage (PPH - choice B) can lead to maternal morbidity and mortality due to excessive blood loss. Pre-eclampsia (choice D) is a serious pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure and signs of damage to other organ systems, which can result in severe maternal complications if not managed promptly. Cord prolapse, though concerning for fetal well-being, does not inherently pose direct risks to maternal health if managed appropriately, making it the correct answer in this context.

What is the function of luteinizing hormone?

  • A. Maintains the corpus luteum
  • B. Ripens the Graafian follicle
  • C. Prepares the breasts for lactation
  • D. Produces regrowth of the endometrium
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Luteinizing hormone is responsible for maintaining the corpus luteum after ovulation. This is crucial for the production of progesterone, which helps prepare the endometrium for implantation and supports early pregnancy. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect: B is the function of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) which stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles, C is mainly regulated by prolactin, and D is primarily associated with estrogen and progesterone.

What is a cord inserted to the very edge of the placenta known as?

  • A. Battledore insertion
  • B. Placenta velamentosa
  • C. Placenta accreta
  • D. Vasa Praevia
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A cord inserted to the very edge of the placenta is known as battledore insertion. This occurs when the cord is attached to the fetal membranes at the placental margin rather than directly to the placental tissue. Placenta velamentosa refers to the condition where the umbilical cord inserts into the fetal membranes before it reaches the placenta. Placenta accreta is a condition where the placenta attaches too deeply into the uterine wall. Vasa Praevia is a condition where fetal blood vessels run across or near the internal cervical opening.

What is one of the major issues affecting adolescents in terms of sexual and reproductive health?

  • A. Limited access to contraceptives and family planning
  • B. Equal representation in decision-making
  • C. Decreased need for sexual education
  • D. Equal opportunities for career growth
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Limited access to contraceptives and family planning is indeed a major issue affecting adolescents in terms of sexual and reproductive health. This lack of access can lead to unintended pregnancies, sexually transmitted infections, and limited reproductive choices. Choice B, equal representation in decision-making, although important, is not directly related to sexual and reproductive health issues faced by adolescents. Choice C, decreased need for sexual education, is incorrect as proper sexual education is crucial in promoting healthy behaviors and preventing risks. Choice D, equal opportunities for career growth, is also unrelated to the specific issues surrounding sexual and reproductive health in adolescents.

The GIFT technique is recommended for which of the following females?

  • A. Females who cannot produce an ovum
  • B. Females who cannot provide a suitable environment for fertilization
  • C. Females who cannot retain the embryo inside the uterus
  • D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'All of the above.' The GIFT technique is recommended for females who cannot produce an ovum, provide a suitable environment for fertilization, or retain the embryo inside the uterus. This technique involves transferring the unfertilized eggs and sperm directly into the fallopian tube, bypassing the need for the ovum to travel through the fallopian tube. Choices A, B, and C all represent different scenarios where the GIFT technique would be a suitable option, making option D the correct choice.

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