Nokea
Among the following structural patterns in a paragraph, which does a writer use to show readers something instead of telling them something?
- A. Division
- B. Narration
- C. Definition
- D. Description
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The writer uses description as a structural pattern to show readers something instead of telling them. By vividly describing Thomas Jefferson, his life, achievements, and significance, the reader can form a mental image and understanding of who he was without being explicitly told. Description allows for a more engaging and immersive experience for the reader compared to being told facts directly.
Choice A, 'Division,' involves breaking down a subject into parts for analysis and understanding, not necessarily showing something instead of telling it.
Choice B, 'Narration,' is the act of telling a story or recounting events, which involves direct communication rather than showing through vivid details.
Choice C, 'Definition,' is providing the meaning of something, which is informative but does not create a visual or immersive experience like description does.
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Stories have been a part of the world since the beginning of recorded time. For centuries before the invention of the printing press, stories of the world were passed down to generations through oral tradition. With the invention of the printing press, which made written material available to wide ranges of audiences, books were mass-produced and introduced into greater society.
For the last several centuries, books have been at the forefront of education and entertainment. With the invention of the Internet, reliance on books for information quickly changed. Soon, almost everything that anyone needed to know could be accessed through the Internet. Large printed volumes of encyclopedias became unnecessary as all of the information was easily available on the Internet.
Despite the progression of the Internet, printed media was still very popular in the forms of both fiction and non-fiction books. While waiting for an appointment, enduring a several-hour flight, or relaxing before sleep, books have been a reliable and convenient source of entertainment, and one that society has not been willing to give up.
With the progression and extreme convenience of technology, printed books are going to soon become a thing of the past. Inventions such as the iPad from Macintosh and the Kindle have made the need for any kind of printed media unnecessary. With a rechargeable battery, a large screen, and the ability to have several books saved on file, electronic options will soon take over and society will no longer see printed books.
Although some people may say that the act of reading is not complete without turning a page, sliding a finger across the screen or pressing a button to read more onto the next page is just as satisfying to the reader. The iPad and Kindle are devices that have qualities similar to a computer and can be used for so much more than just reading. These devices are therefore better than books because they have multiple uses.
In a cultural society that is part of the world and due to a longstanding tradition, stories will always be an important way to communicate ideas and provide information and entertainment. Centuries ago, stories could only be remembered and retold through speech. Printed media changed the way the world communicated and was connected, and now, as we move forward with technology, it is only a matter of time before we must say goodbye to the printed past and welcome the digital and electronic future.
Which of the following statements is an opinion?
- A. Despite the progression of the Internet, printed media was still very popular in the forms of both fiction and non-fiction books
- B. Although some people may say that the act of reading is not complete without turning a page, sliding a finger across the screen, or pressing a button to read more onto the next page is just as satisfying to the reader
- C. With the invention of the Internet, reliance on books for information quickly changed
- D. Stories have been a part of the world since the beginning of recorded time
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Statement B is an opinion because it expresses a personal viewpoint about the act of reading and satisfaction related to different reading formats. The phrase 'just as satisfying to the reader' reflects subjective feelings and preferences rather than objective facts. Choices A, C, and D are not opinions but statements of fact. Choice A discusses the continued popularity of printed media despite the Internet's advancement. Choice C talks about the change in reliance on books due to the Internet. Choice D states the historical presence of stories in the world, which is a factual statement about the past.
Passage 1:
Fairy tales, fictional stories that involve magical occurrences and imaginary creatures like trolls, elves, giants, and talking animals, are found in similar forms throughout the world. This occurs when a story with an origin in a particular location spreads geographically to, over time, far-flung lands. All variations of the same story must logically come from a single source. As language, ideas, and goods travel from place to place through the movement of peoples, stories that catch human imagination travel as well through human retelling.
Passage 2:
Fairy tales capture basic, fundamental human desires and fears. They represent the most essential form of fictionalized human experience: the bad characters are pure evil, the good characters are pure good, the romance of royalty (and of commoners becoming royalty) is celebrated, etc. Given the nature of the fairy tale genre, it is not surprising that many different cultures come up with similar versions of the same essential story.
Which of the following is not an example of something the author of Passage 1 claims travels from place to place through human movement?
- A. Fairy tales
- B. Language
- C. Ideas
- D. Foods
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The author of Passage 1 explicitly mentions language, ideas, and foods as examples of things that travel from place to place through human movement. However, fairy tales are not mentioned in the text as one of the elements that travel through human movement. While fairy tales do spread geographically through human retelling, they are not directly supported as an example in this context, making choice A the correct answer. Choices B, C, and D are mentioned in the passage as elements that do travel through human movement, further emphasizing that fairy tales are the exception in this specific context.
During the summer, Angela read the following classics: The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald; Brave New World, by Aldous Huxley; A Passage to India, by E.M. Forster; and “The Cask of Amontillado,†by Edgar Allen Poe.
In the statement above, several items are italicized, while only one is placed in quotation marks. According to the rules of punctuation, the following should be placed in quotation marks: article titles, book chapters, short stories, and episodes of television shows. Considering the list of works that Angela read, into which category does 'The Cask of Amontillado' most likely fit?
- A. newspaper article
- B. book chapter
- C. short story
- D. television show episode
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: 'The Cask of Amontillado' is a short story written by Edgar Allan Poe. Short stories are considered literary works that should be placed in quotation marks according to the rules of punctuation. Therefore, 'The Cask of Amontillado' would fall under the category of works that should be placed in quotation marks.
The next three questions are based on the following advertisement.
Job Description:
Assistant City Attorney - City of Elm
The City of Elm is now hiring for the position of assistant City Attorney, litigation. Candidates must be members in Good Standing of the California Bar Association. Ideal candidates will have:
• at least 3 years litigation experience
• the ability to work both self-directed and as part of a team
• the ability to manage a large caseload
Competitive salary and excellent benefits offered. Position available immediately.
Send completed application to:
HR Department Attention Veronica Smith 1 City Center Plaza
Elm, California 95763
According to the advertisement, which of the following is true?
- A. Candidates must have three or more years of litigation experience
- B. Candidates will have small caseloads
- C. Candidates must be members of the California State Bar Association
- D. The position is not currently available
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. This information is based on the advertisement's specific requirement that candidates must be members of the California Bar Association. The job description clearly states, 'Candidates must be members in Good Standing of the California Bar Association.' This indicates that a valid license to practice law in California is a mandatory qualification for the position advertised. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because there is no mention in the advertisement of candidates needing three or more years of litigation experience, having small caseloads, or the position not being currently available.
They were known as “The Fiveâ€: a group of Russian musicians who eschewed rigidly formal classical training and set out on their own to give a new artistic sound to classical music in Russia. Mily Balakirev and Cesar Cui are considered the founders of the movement, but the three who later joined them have become far more famous and respected outside, and perhaps even inside, of Russia. Modest Mussorgsky, with his passion for themes of Russian folklore and nationalism, is remembered for the piano piece Pictures and an Exhibition, as well as for the passionate opera Boris Godunov. Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, who spent his early years as a naval officer, had a penchant for infusing his works with the sounds of the sea. But, he might be best remembered for the hauntingly beautiful symphonic suite Scheherazade. Alexander Borodin balanced a career as a skilled and highly respected chemist with his interest in classical music. He produced a number of symphonies, as well as the opera Prince Igor. Despite their lack of formal training and their unorthodox approach to producing classical music, The Five had an influence that reached far beyond their time. Composers such as Alexander Glazunov, Sergei Prokofiev, and Igor Stravinsky studied under Rimsky-Korsakov. Additionally, the mid-twentieth century composer Dmitri Shostakovich studied under Glazunov, creating a legacy of musical understanding that persisted well beyond the era of The Five.
Which of the following describes the type of writing used in the passage?
- A. narrative
- B. persuasive
- C. expository
- D. technical
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The type of writing used in the passage is expository. Expository writing aims to provide information, explain concepts or ideas, and present factual details without trying to persuade or tell a story. In the passage, the text focuses on providing factual information about 'The Five,' their backgrounds, and their influence on classical music without any persuasive elements or narrative storytelling. The passage educates and informs the reader about the topic, which aligns with the characteristics of expository writing. Therefore, 'expository' is the correct description.
Choice A (narrative) is incorrect as the passage does not tell a story but rather presents factual information. Choice B (persuasive) is incorrect because there is no attempt to persuade the reader in the passage. Choice D (technical) is also incorrect as the passage does not involve technical instructions or specialized technical details, but rather general information about the subject matter.