Nokea
An 18-month-old child is seen in the clinic with otitis media (OM). Oral amoxicillin is prescribed. What instructions should be given to the parent?
- A. Administer all of the prescribed medication.
- B. Continue medication until all symptoms subside.
- C. Immediately stop giving medication if hearing loss develops.
- D. Stop giving medication and come to the clinic if fever is still present in 24 hours.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Completing the full course of amoxicillin prevents recurrence of resistant bacteria. Stopping when symptoms subside risks incomplete treatment, hearing loss requires evaluation but not stopping antibiotics, and fever may persist for 24-48 hours despite treatment.
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An infant has been diagnosed with staphylococcal pneumonia. Nursing care of the child with pneumonia includes which intervention?
- A. Administration of antibiotics
- B. Frequent complete assessment of the infant
- C. Round-the-clock administration of antitussive agents
- D. Strict monitoring of intake and output to avoid congestive heart failure
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Antibiotics are essential for treating bacterial pneumonia like staphylococcal pneumonia. Frequent complete assessments are unnecessary if respiratory status is monitored, antitussives are used sparingly to allow secretion clearance, and fluid monitoring prevents dehydration, not heart failure.
Why are cool-mist vaporizers rather than steam vaporizers recommended in the home treatment of respiratory infections?
- A. They are safer.
- B. They are less expensive.
- C. Respiratory secretions are dried by steam vaporizers.
- D. A more comfortable environment is produced.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cool-mist vaporizers are safer than steam vaporizers, reducing the risk of burns and microbial growth. Costs are comparable, steam vaporizers loosen rather than dry secretions, and both types enhance comfort, but safety is the primary reason for choosing cool-mist.
It is important that a child with acute streptococcal pharyngitis be treated with antibiotics to prevent which condition?
- A. Otitis media
- B. Diabetes insipidus (DI)
- C. Nephrotic syndrome
- D. Acute rheumatic fever
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Antibiotics for streptococcal pharyngitis prevent serious sequelae like acute rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis. Otitis media is caused by other pathogens, DI is unrelated to streptococcal infection, and nephrotic syndrome is not a complication, unlike glomerulonephritis.
When caring for a child after a tonsillectomy, what intervention should the nurse do?
- A. Watch for continuous swallowing.
- B. Encourage gargling to reduce discomfort.
- C. Apply warm compresses to the throat.
- D. Position the child on the back for sleeping.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Continuous swallowing, especially during sleep, signals bleeding from the tonsillectomy site, requiring immediate attention. Gargling may irritate the site, ice compresses are preferred to reduce inflammation, and side or abdominal positioning aids drainage, not back sleeping.
Chronic otitis media with effusion (OME) differs from acute otitis media (AOM) because it is usually characterized by which signs or symptoms?
- A. Severe pain in the ear
- B. Anorexia and vomiting
- C. A feeling of fullness in the ear
- D. Fever as high as 40 C (104 F)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chronic otitis media with effusion (OME) typically presents with a feeling of fullness in the ear and nonspecific symptoms, unlike acute otitis media (AOM), which involves severe pain, fever, and systemic symptoms like anorexia or vomiting.