Nokea
What consideration is most important in managing tuberculosis (TB) in children?
- A. Skin testing
- B. Chemotherapy
- C. Adequate rest
- D. Adequate hydration
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chemotherapy with drugs like isoniazid, rifampin, and pyrazinamide is the cornerstone of TB management in children, administered for 2 months daily and then 4 months biweekly. Skin testing aids diagnosis, while rest and hydration support but are secondary to drug therapy.
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Decongestant nose drops are recommended for a 10-month-old infant with an upper respiratory tract infection. Instructions for nose drops should include which information?
- A. Do not use for more than 3 days.
- B. Keep drops to use again for nasal congestion.
- C. Administer drops after feedings and at bedtime.
- D. Give two drops every 5 minutes until nasal congestion subsides.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Using decongestant nose drops for no more than 3 days prevents rebound congestion. Drops should be discarded after illness to avoid contamination, administered before feedings for better effect, and given in two doses 5-10 minutes apart, not repeatedly every 5 minutes.
A toddler has a unilateral foul-smelling nasal discharge and frequent sneezing. The nurse should suspect what condition?
- A. Allergies
- B. Acute pharyngitis
- C. Foreign body in the nose
- D. Acute nasopharyngitis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A unilateral foul-smelling nasal discharge with sneezing suggests a foreign body causing local irritation and obstruction. Allergies cause bilateral clear discharge, pharyngitis lacks nasal discharge, and nasopharyngitis produces bilateral mucous discharge.
An 18-month-old child is seen in the clinic with otitis media (OM). Oral amoxicillin is prescribed. What instructions should be given to the parent?
- A. Administer all of the prescribed medication.
- B. Continue medication until all symptoms subside.
- C. Immediately stop giving medication if hearing loss develops.
- D. Stop giving medication and come to the clinic if fever is still present in 24 hours.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Completing the full course of amoxicillin prevents recurrence of resistant bacteria. Stopping when symptoms subside risks incomplete treatment, hearing loss requires evaluation but not stopping antibiotics, and fever may persist for 24-48 hours despite treatment.
The nurse encourages the mother of a toddler with acute laryngotracheobronchitis to stay at the bedside as much as possible. What is the primary rationale for this action?
- A. Mothers of hospitalized toddlers often experience guilt.
- B. The mothers presence will reduce anxiety and ease the childs respiratory efforts.
- C. Separation from the mother is a major developmental threat at this age.
- D. The mother can provide constant observations of the childs respiratory efforts.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The mother?s presence reduces the toddler?s anxiety, easing respiratory efforts in acute laryngotracheobronchitis. While guilt and separation are concerns, the primary benefit is decreased distress improving breathing, and constant observation is secondary to emotional support.
Why are cool-mist vaporizers rather than steam vaporizers recommended in the home treatment of respiratory infections?
- A. They are safer.
- B. They are less expensive.
- C. Respiratory secretions are dried by steam vaporizers.
- D. A more comfortable environment is produced.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cool-mist vaporizers are safer than steam vaporizers, reducing the risk of burns and microbial growth. Costs are comparable, steam vaporizers loosen rather than dry secretions, and both types enhance comfort, but safety is the primary reason for choosing cool-mist.