Pediatric NCLEX Questions

Pediatric NCLEX Questions Related

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An 83-year old client diagnosed with COPD has been receiving 1L of oxygen via nasal cannula. When the relatives visited, the sister of the client increased the oxygen to 7L per minute because she says that the client "looks like he is having difficulty getting air." What should the nurse's initial action be?

  • A. Thank the client's sister and continue to observe the client
  • B. Immediately decrease the oxygen
  • C. Notify the physician
  • D. elevate client's head and take her vital signs
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Increasing the oxygen flow rate from 1L to 7L per minute without a healthcare provider's order is not safe for the client. High-flow oxygen can lead to oxygen toxicity, absorption atelectasis, and can reduce the respiratory drive in patients with COPD. The nurse's initial action should be to notify the physician about the change in oxygen delivery and the client's condition. The physician should reevaluate the client's oxygen requirements and provide appropriate orders based on the clinical assessment. It is crucial to follow evidence-based guidelines and healthcare provider orders for oxygen administration to ensure patient safety and optimal outcomes.

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When teaching a client about insulin therapy, the nurse should instruct the client to avoid which over-the- counter preparation that can interact with insulin?

  • A. Antacids
  • B. Vitamins with irons
  • C. Acetaminophen preparations
  • D. Salicylate preparations
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Salicylates, such as aspirin, can potentiate the hypoglycemic effects of insulin. They can increase insulin sensitivity and potentially lead to low blood sugar levels (hypoglycemia). Therefore, clients using insulin should avoid over-the-counter salicylate preparations to prevent this interaction and the risk of hypoglycemia. It is important for clients to always consult healthcare professionals before taking any new medications or over-the-counter preparations when using insulin therapy.

A child 2 years 6 months of age has arranged a play date with a neighbor's child aged 2 years 9 months. During the play date, which behavior is most typical for children of this age?

  • A. Share and trade toys while playing.
  • B. Play with one another with little or no conflict.
  • C. Engage in parallel play (playing alongside but not directly with one another).
  • D. Play with only one or two items, ignoring most of the other toys.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Toddlers typically engage in parallel play rather than cooperative play.

Mrs. Diwa has been diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus, the nurse upon assessment can expect to find which of the following?

  • A. dysphagia
  • B. dryness or itching of genitalia
  • C. decreased visual acuity or blindness
  • D. abnormal lung sounds
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that can affect multiple organs in the body, including the lungs. Patients with SLE are at risk for developing various respiratory complications, which can result in abnormal lung sounds on auscultation. Common respiratory manifestations of SLE include pleurisy, pleural effusion, interstitial lung disease, and pulmonary hypertension. Therefore, the nurse assessing Mrs. Diwa can expect to find abnormal lung sounds indicative of these respiratory complications. However, it is important to note that SLE can also present with a wide range of other symptoms affecting different organ systems.

Mr. Mendres asks Nurse Rose what causes peptic ulcer to develop. Nurse Rose responds that recent research indicates that peptic ulcers are the result of which of the following?

  • A. genetic defect in the gastric mucosa
  • B. helicobacter pylori infection
  • C. high fat diet
  • D. work related stress
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Recent research suggests that the majority of peptic ulcers are caused by an infection with Helicobacter pylori bacteria. This bacterium weakens the protective mucous coating of the stomach and duodenum, leading to damage from stomach acid. Genetic defects in the gastric mucosa, high fat diet, and work-related stress may exacerbate the condition but are not the primary cause of peptic ulcers. Therefore, the most likely cause based on current understanding is H. pylori infection.

The nurse is caring for an adolescent who has just started dialysis. The child seems always angry, hostile, or depressed. To what are these behaviors most likely related?

  • A. Neurologic manifestations that occur with dialysis
  • B. Physiologic manifestations of renal disease
  • C. Adolescents having few coping mechanisms
  • D. Adolescents often resenting the control and enforced dependence imposed by dialysis
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Adolescents often resent the control and enforced dependence imposed by dialysis. Adolescence is a challenging time marked by striving for independence and autonomy. When adolescents have to rely on medical interventions like dialysis that impose control and dependence, it can lead to feelings of anger, hostility, and depression. This is a normal psychological response to feeling restricted and not in control of their own lives. It is important for healthcare providers to recognize these emotions and provide support and coping strategies to help the adolescent adjust to the situation.

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