Nokea
An adolescent asks the nurse what causes primary dysmenorrhea. The nurse's response should be based on which statement?
- A. It is an inherited problem.
- B. Excessive estrogen production causes uterine pain.
- C. There is no physiologic cause; it is a psychological reaction.
- D. There is a relation between prostaglandins and uterine contractility.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Primary dysmenorrhea is painful menstruation that occurs without any underlying gynecological conditions, such as endometriosis. The cause of primary dysmenorrhea is related to the release of prostaglandins during menstruation. Prostaglandins are lipid compounds that act as chemical messengers in the body, causing the uterus to contract and shed its lining during menstruation. High levels of prostaglandins can lead to increased uterine muscle contractions, resulting in pain. Therefore, the nurse should explain to the adolescent that there is a relation between prostaglandins and uterine contractility as the cause of primary dysmenorrhea.
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A client with a nagging cough makes an appointment to see the physician after reading that this symptom is one of the seven warning signs of cancer. What is another warning sign of cancer?
- A. Persistent nausea
- B. Indigestion
- C. Rash
- D. Chronic ache or pain
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Chronic ache or pain is another warning sign of cancer. Persistent pain that does not go away and continues for weeks or months could be a symptom of cancer. It is important not to ignore persistent pain and to consult a healthcare provider if such pain exists, as it could be a sign of an underlying issue like cancer. Early detection and treatment are key in managing cancer and improving outcomes for patients.
A nurse is preparing to assess a 3-year-old child. What communication technique should the nurse use for this child?
- A. Focus communication on child.
- B. Explain experiences of others to child.
- C. Use easy analogies when possible.
- D. Assure child that communication is private.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When assessing a young child, it is important for the nurse to focus communication on the child by using simple language, asking direct questions, and using play-based approaches to facilitate communication. By engaging the child directly and adapting communication techniques to their developmental level, the nurse can establish rapport, gain the child's trust, and obtain accurate information during the assessment process. This approach helps create a positive and supportive environment for the child, making them feel comfortable and understood.
An infant has been diagnosed with cow's milk allergy. What are the clinical manifestations the nurse expects to assess? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Pink mucous membranes
- B. Vomiting
- C. Rhinitis
- D. Abdominal pain
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pink mucous membranes are not a typical clinical manifestation of cow's milk allergy. Allergies often present with symptoms affecting the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory system, skin, or a combination of these systems.
. A client with a suspected left sided heart failure is scheduled to undergo a multigated acquisition scan. Which of the following actions is required before undergoing the test?
- A. Diuretics are administered
- B. Client should avoid fluid intake 6 hours
- C. Client is medicated to relieve cough before the test
- D. Client is administered analgesics
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Before undergoing a multigated acquisition scan, a client with suspected left sided heart failure should be medicated to relieve cough. Coughing can disrupt the accuracy of the scan results by affecting the heart's movement and leading to motion artifacts. Therefore, it is essential to address any coughing issues before the test to ensure reliable and accurate imaging of the heart's function. The other options, such as administering diuretics, avoiding fluid intake, and administering analgesics, are not directly related to optimizing the imaging quality of the multigated acquisition scan for a client with suspected left sided heart failure.
Which of the following parts of neuron transmits impulses away from the cell body?
- A. Dendrite
- B. Neurolemma
- C. Axon
- D. Synapse
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The axon is the part of the neuron that transmits impulses away from the cell body. It is a long, slender extension of the neuron that conducts electrical signals known as action potentials to other cells. Dendrites, on the other hand, receive signals from other neurons and transmit them to the cell body. The neurolemma is a layer of cells surrounding the axon that facilitates nerve regeneration. The synapse is the junction between two neurons where signals are transmitted through neurotransmitters.