Nokea
An adolescent female has a history of repaired tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). Which long-term complication is a concern for this patient?
- A. Aortic stenosis
- B. Chronic cyanosis
- C. Mitral valve prolapse
- D. Ventricular failure
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Patients with repaired TOF, especially adolescent females, are at risk for mitral valve prolapse.
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Regarding reflex anoxic seizures in children:
- A. ECG-rhythm strip is a must
- B. Asystole may be associated
- C. There is increased risk of epilepsy in adults
- D. Carbamazepine is the drug of choice
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Reflex anoxic seizures in children are often triggered by a sudden noxious stimulus leading to transient asystole (cessation of heart activity). An ECG-rhythm strip is not always necessary there is no increased risk of epilepsy in adults and carbamazepine is not the drug of choice. Trauma can be a precipitating factor but the most relevant option is asystole.
Superior axis in ECG seen in
- A. AV canal defects
- B. Ebstein anomaly
- C. Tricuspid atresia
- D. Single ventricle
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ebstein's anomaly causes superior axis deviation on ECG.
Causes of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism are:
- A. Kallman's syndrome
- B. Testicular atrophy
- C. Klinefelter's syndrome
- D. Hypothalamic tumour
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because Kallman's syndrome is a well-known cause of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. The other options (b-e) are either causes of hypergonadotropic hypogonadism or unrelated conditions.
Which is an important nursing consideration when chest tubes will be removed from a child?
- A. Explain that it is not painful.
- B. Explain that only a Band-Aid will be needed.
- C. Administer analgesics before the procedure.
- D. Expect bright red drainage for several hours after removal.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: It is appropriate to prepare the child for the removal of chest tubes with analgesics. Short-acting medications can be used that are administered through an existing IV line. A sharp, momentary pain is felt. This should not be misrepresented to the child. A petroleum gauze, air-tight dressing will be needed, but it is not a pain-free procedure. Little or no drainage should be found on removal.
The following foramina are found in the brain:
- A. Foramen of Monro
- B. Foramen ovale
- C. Foramen of Magendie
- D. Foramen transversalis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Foramen of Monro: The foramen of Monro connects the lateral ventricles to the third ventricle and plays a key role in the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).