Nokea
An adolescent patient is diagnosed with dementia. The patient's age would cause a nurse to suspect which underlying condition sometimes associated with this diagnosis?
- A. Head trauma
- B. Neurosyphilis
- C. Pick disease
- D. Hypothyroidism
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Head trauma. Adolescents are less likely to develop dementia due to age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Head trauma can lead to cognitive impairment and memory loss, mimicking symptoms of dementia. Neurosyphilis is a sexually transmitted infection affecting the brain, not common in adolescents. Pick disease is a rare neurodegenerative disorder more commonly seen in older adults. Hypothyroidism can cause cognitive symptoms but is not typically associated with dementia in adolescents.
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A community mental health nurse receives a new client for his caseload. The diagnosis of the client is residual schizophrenia. Documentation states that the client has a number of negative symptoms. Which symptom would the nurse expect to assess in the client?
- A. Bizarre, somatic delusions
- B. Disorganized speech pattern
- C. Catatonic posturing
- D. Emotional blunting
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Emotional blunting. In residual schizophrenia, negative symptoms involve deficits in normal emotional responses and behaviors. Emotional blunting refers to a reduction in the intensity of emotional expression, which is commonly seen in clients with residual schizophrenia. This symptom can include a lack of facial expressions, reduced vocal inflections, and overall flat affect.
Choice A (Bizarre, somatic delusions) is incorrect as it refers to a positive symptom of schizophrenia involving distorted beliefs about the body.
Choice B (Disorganized speech pattern) is incorrect as it is characteristic of disorganized schizophrenia, not residual schizophrenia.
Choice C (Catatonic posturing) is incorrect as it is a symptom of catatonic schizophrenia, not residual schizophrenia.
schizophrenia usually involves delusions of persecution and grandeur
- A. Catatonic
- B. Disorganized
- C. Paranoid
- D. Undifferentiated
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Paranoid schizophrenia is marked by prominent delusions of persecution or grandeur.
What is the primary goal for a nurse treating a patient with anorexia nervosa?
- A. To help the patient achieve optimal body weight quickly.
- B. To restore the patient's nutritional balance and weight.
- C. To involve the patient in daily exercise routines to improve physical health.
- D. To encourage the patient to undergo intensive psychotherapy.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The primary goal for a nurse treating a patient with anorexia nervosa is to restore the patient's nutritional balance and weight. This is because individuals with anorexia nervosa often have severe malnutrition and weight loss, which can lead to serious health complications. By focusing on restoring nutritional balance and weight, the nurse can help improve the patient's physical health and overall well-being. Encouraging the patient to achieve optimal body weight quickly (choice A) may not be realistic or safe, as rapid weight gain can have negative consequences. Involving the patient in daily exercise routines (choice C) may exacerbate the patient's compulsive behaviors around food and exercise. Encouraging the patient to undergo intensive psychotherapy (choice D) is important, but it is not the primary goal in the initial treatment of anorexia nervosa.
A nurse assesses that which of the following individuals is most likely to engage in binge-eating behaviors characteristic of bulimia?
- A. A person who weighs 225 pounds and is 5 feet 4 inches tall.
- B. A person who is 5 pounds overweight and cannot stick to a diet.
- C. A person who lost up 40 pounds but gained it back within 1 year.
- D. A person who monitors caloric intake in order to fit into a small suit.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because binge-eating behaviors are often associated with individuals who struggle to control their eating, leading to episodes of excessive food consumption. Being unable to stick to a diet indicates a lack of control, which is a key characteristic of binge-eating. Choice A focuses more on weight and height, which are not direct indicators of binge-eating. Choice C describes weight fluctuations, which may not necessarily be linked to binge-eating. Choice D emphasizes monitoring caloric intake for a specific goal, which does not necessarily indicate a loss of control over eating behavior.
The caregiver for a client with moderate to severe dementia tells the nurse, 'I'm exhausted. He wanders at night instead of sleeping, so I get no rest. I'm afraid to leave him during the day, so I have to take him to the grocery store and to the laundromat. When I'm busy there, he often wanders off. Still, I have to do it all.' The nurse recognizes the need to provide teaching for this caregiver. An appropriate outcome is that the caregiver will:
- A. Feel justified in putting the client in a nursing home
- B. Verbalize realistic self-expectations
- C. Cease abusive interactions with the client
- D. Feel comfortable leaving the client alone one morning a week
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Verbalize realistic self-expectations. This is the most appropriate outcome to address the caregiver's situation. By verbalizing realistic self-expectations, the caregiver can understand the importance of self-care and setting boundaries. This outcome promotes the caregiver's well-being while still providing care for the client.
Choice A is incorrect because putting the client in a nursing home may not be the best solution without exploring other options first. Choice C is incorrect as there is no mention of abusive interactions in the scenario. Choice D is incorrect because feeling comfortable leaving the client alone without addressing the caregiver's exhaustion and concerns may not be the most appropriate approach.