Nokea
An adolescent patients history of skin hyperreactivity and inflammation has been attributed to atopic dermatitis. The nurse should recognize that this patient consequently faces an increased risk of what health problem?
- A. Bronchitis
- B. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
- C. Rheumatoid arthritis
- D. Asthma
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Nurses should be aware that atopic dermatitis is often the first step in a process that leads to asthma and allergic rhinitis. It is not linked as closely to bronchitis, SLE, and RA.
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The nurse is providing health education to the parents of a toddler who has been diagnosed with food allergies. What should the nurse teach this family about the childs health problem?
- A. Food allergies are a life-long condition, but most families adjust quite well to the necessary lifestyle changes.
- B. Consistent use of over-the-counter antihistamines can often help a child overcome food allergies.
- C. Make sure that you carry a steroid inhaler with you at all times, especially when you eat in restaurants.
- D. Many children outgrow their food allergies in a few years if they avoid the offending foods.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Many food allergies disappear with time, particularly in children. About one-third of proven allergies disappear in 1 to 2 years if the patient carefully avoids the offending food. Antihistamines do not cure allergies and an EpiPen is carried, not a steroid inhaler.
A patient is learning about his new diagnosis of asthma with the asthma nurse. What medication has the ability to prevent the onset of acute asthma exacerbations?
- A. Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
- B. Montelukast (Singulair)
- C. Albuterol sulfate (Ventolin)
- D. Epinephrine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Many manifestations of inflammation can be attributed in part to leukotrienes. Medications categorized as leukotriene antagonists or modifiers such as montelukast (Singulair) block the synthesis or action of leukotrienes and prevent signs and symptoms associated with asthma. Diphenhydramine prevents histamines effect on smooth muscle. Albuterol sulfate relaxes smooth muscle during an asthma attack. Epinephrine relaxes bronchial smooth muscle but is not used on a preventative basis.
The nurse is providing care for a patient who has a diagnosis of hereditary angioedema. When planning this patients care, what nursing diagnosis should be prioritized?
- A. Risk for Infection Related to Skin Sloughing
- B. Risk for Acute Pain Related to Loss of Skin Integrity
- C. Risk for Impaired Skin Integrity Related to Cutaneous Lesions
- D. Risk for Impaired Gas Exchange Related to Airway Obstruction
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Edema of the respiratory tract can compromise the airway in patients with hereditary angioedema. As such, this is a priority nursing diagnosis over pain and possible infection. Skin integrity is not threatened by angioedema.
A patient is receiving a transfusion of packed red blood cells. Shortly after initiation of the transfusion, the patient begins to exhibit signs and symptoms of a transfusion reaction. The patient is suffering from which type of hypersensitivity?
- A. Anaphylactic (type I)
- B. Cytotoxic (type II)
- C. Immune complex (type III)
- D. Delayed type (type IV)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A type II hypersensitivity reaction resulting in red blood cell destruction is associated with blood transfusions. This type of reaction does not result from types I, III, or IV reactions.
A patient with a family history of allergies has suffered an allergic response based on a genetic predisposition. This atopic response is usually mediated by what immunoglobulin?
- A. Immunoglobulin A
- B. Immunoglobulin M
- C. Immunoglobulin G
- D. Immunoglobulin E
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Atopy refers to allergic reactions characterized by the action of IgE antibodies and a genetic predisposition to allergic reactions.