Nokea
An adolescent states, "I want to be a doctor or a lawyer when I grow up because I like taking care of people." Which Eriksonian challenge is the adolescent attempting?
- A. Identity vs. role diffusion
- B. Trust vs. mistrust
- C. Industry vs. inferiority
- D. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Identity vs. role diffusion. During adolescence, individuals face the challenge of forming a cohesive sense of self and identity. In this scenario, the adolescent's desire to become a doctor or lawyer reflects the exploration of potential roles and career paths, indicating an attempt to establish a clear identity. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Trust vs. mistrust is a challenge experienced in infancy, industry vs. inferiority is relevant to the school-age period, and autonomy vs. shame and doubt is associated with the toddler stage, not adolescence.
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A 3-year-old child was adopted immediately after birth. The parents have just asked the nurse how they should tell the child that she is adopted. Which guideline concerning adoption should the nurse use in planning a response?
- A. It is best to wait until the child asks about it.
- B. The best time to tell the child is between the ages of 7 and 10 years.
- C. It is not necessary to tell a child who was adopted so young.
- D. Telling the child is an important aspect of their parental responsibilities.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: It is important to tell children about their adoption early, in an age-appropriate manner, as part of building trust and openness in the family relationship.
When a pre-school child says the sun shines to keep her warm, this is an example of:
- A. Animism
- B. Artificialism
- C. Egocentrism
- D. Centering
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Artificialism. Artificialism is the belief that natural phenomena are created by human beings for human purposes. In this scenario, the child attributes human-like intentions to the sun, assuming it shines specifically to keep her warm. Choice A, Animism, is the belief that natural objects and phenomena are alive and have feelings. Choice C, Egocentrism, refers to a child's difficulty in seeing things from another person's perspective. Choice D, Centering, involves focusing on only one aspect of a situation while ignoring other relevant aspects.
A child has a planned hospitalization in a few weeks, and the client and family appear very stressed. Which nursing action will minimize their stress?
- A. Telling the client and family that everything will be fine
- B. Explaining how the child will benefit from the surgery
- C. Telling the client and family that the surgeon is very good
- D. Giving a tour of the hospital unit or surgical area
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct nursing action to minimize the stress of the child and family is giving a tour of the hospital unit or surgical area. Familiarizing them with the hospital environment can help reduce their anxiety by allowing them to see where the child will be staying and the surroundings. Choices A, B, and C do not directly address the need to reduce stress by providing a tangible way to alleviate anxiety through exposure to the hospital setting.
At what age is the first dose of the hepatitis A vaccine recommended to be started?
- A. 1 year
- B. 1 month
- C. 12 years
- D. It is not recommended at any age
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 1 year. The hepatitis A vaccine is now recommended for all children starting at age 1 year (i.e., 12 to 23 months). This is due to the recognition of hepatitis A as a significant child health problem, especially in areas with high infection rates. The virus is primarily spread through fecal-oral transmission, person-to-person contact, ingestion of contaminated food or water, and rarely through blood transfusion. Administering the first dose at 1 year helps protect children from this infection. Choices B and C are incorrect as the vaccine is not recommended at 1 month or 12 years. Choice D is also incorrect as the hepatitis A vaccine is recommended at a specific age to prevent the infection.
Parents of a preschool child ask the nurse, "Should we set rules for our child as part of a discipline plan?" Which is an accurate response by the nurse?
- A. It is best to delay the punishment if a rule is broken.
- B. The child is too young for rules. At this age, unrestricted freedom is best.
- C. It is best to set the rules and reason with the child when the rules are broken.
- D. Set clear and reasonable rules and expect the same behavior regardless of the circumstances.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Clear and reasonable rules provide structure and help children understand expectations, promoting consistent behavior and discipline.