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The educator is teaching about the process of physical growth and development. Which of these describes the directional pattern from head to tail?
- A. Cephalodistal
- B. Cephalocaudal
- C. Proximodistal
- D. Proximocaudal
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cephalocaudal development is the correct term that describes the directional pattern of growth from head to tail. This means that the head and upper body parts develop before the lower parts. Choice A, 'Cephalodistal,' refers to growth from the center of the body outward, not head to tail. Choice C, 'Proximodistal,' describes growth from the center of the body towards the extremities, not specifically from head to tail. Choice D, 'Proximocaudal,' is not a recognized term in the context of physical growth and development.
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Which family theory is described as a series of tasks for the family throughout its life span?
- A. Exchange theory
- B. Developmental theory
- C. Structural-functional theory
- D. Symbolic interactional theory
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Developmental theory outlines the series of tasks and stages that a family goes through over its life span, helping to understand the family's development and needs over time.
Children are taught the values of their culture through observation and feedback relative to their own behavior. In teaching a class on cultural competence, the nurse should be aware that which factor may be culturally determined?
- A. Ethnicity
- B. Racial variation
- C. Status
- D. Geographic boundaries
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Status, or the social standing within a culture, is often culturally determined and plays a significant role in shaping behaviors and expectations.
Which is a consequence of the physical punishment of children, such as spanking?
- A. The psychological impact is usually minimal.
- B. The child's development of reasoning increases.
- C. Children rarely become accustomed to spanking.
- D. Misbehavior is likely to occur when parents are not present.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Physical punishment, such as spanking, may result in children misbehaving when parents are not present, as it does not teach appropriate behavior or self-regulation.
What is one focus of current health care?
- A. Increased provision of nursing services
- B. Disease prevention
- C. Symptom management
- D. Identification of disease processes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Disease prevention.' Modern healthcare places emphasis on preventing diseases to enhance overall health and well-being. While nursing services, symptom management, and disease identification are crucial components of healthcare, disease prevention plays a key role in reducing the burden of illness on individuals and communities.
What tool would be most useful to assess maternal and newborn attachment behaviors?
- A. Apgar
- B. Ballard scale
- C. NCAST (Nursing Child Assessment Satellite Training) Feeding Scale
- D. Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The NCAST Feeding Scale is the most suitable tool to evaluate maternal and newborn attachment behaviors during feedings. It focuses on observing the interaction between the parent and infant, providing insights into their bonding. The Apgar score is used to assess a neonate's immediate transition to life outside the womb, not specifically maternal and newborn attachment behaviors. The Ballard scale is used to estimate gestational age, not to assess attachment behaviors. The Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale is designed to evaluate a newborn's responses to various stimuli, not specifically maternal and newborn attachment behaviors.