Nokea
Evidence-based practice (EBP), a decision-making model, is best described as which?
- A. Using information in textbooks to guide care
- B. Combining knowledge with clinical experience and intuition
- C. Using a professional code of ethics as a means for decision-making
- D. Gathering all evidence that applies to the child's health and family situation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
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A child is admitted with renal failure. Which of these findings should the nurse expect?
- A. Decreased BUN
- B. Azotemia and oliguria
- C. Increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
- D. Polyuria and elevated creatinine clearance
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Azotemia (elevated BUN and creatinine) and oliguria (reduced urine output) are classic signs of renal failure, indicating impaired kidney function. In renal failure, the kidneys are unable to effectively filter waste products, leading to an increase in BUN and creatinine levels in the blood. Additionally, oliguria occurs due to decreased kidney function. Increased GFR (Choice C) is not expected in renal failure as it signifies improved kidney function, which is not the case in renal failure. Polyuria and elevated creatinine clearance (Choice D) are not typical findings in renal failure. Polyuria is more commonly associated with conditions like diabetes insipidus, while elevated creatinine clearance would indicate increased kidney function, which is contrary to the impaired function seen in renal failure.
A child is admitted to the hospital with acute renal failure. The parents ask about the prognosis for acute renal failure. The nurse's response should be based on which statement about acute renal failure?
- A. Children with acute renal failure will have to take prophylactic antibiotics for life.
- B. Acute renal failure always leads to chronic renal failure.
- C. Acute renal failure may be reversible.
- D. All children with acute renal failure will eventually need a kidney transplant.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Acute renal failure in children is often reversible, especially when the underlying cause is identified and treated promptly. It does not always lead to chronic renal failure or the need for a kidney transplant. Choice A is incorrect as prophylactic antibiotics for life are not a standard treatment for acute renal failure. Choice B is incorrect as acute renal failure does not always progress to chronic renal failure. Choice D is incorrect as not all children with acute renal failure will eventually require a kidney transplant.
The nurse manager is compiling a report for a hospital committee on the quality of nursing-sensitive indicators for a nursing unit. Which does the nurse manager include in the report?
- A. The average age of the nurses on the unit
- B. The salary ranges for the nurses on the unit
- C. The education and certification of the nurses on the unit
- D. The number of nurses who have applied but were not hired for the unit
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The education and certification of nurses are key nursing-sensitive indicators that reflect the quality of care provided on the unit.
The nurse is caring postoperatively for an 8-year-old child with multiple fractures and other traumatic injuries from a motor vehicle crash. The child is experiencing severe pain. What is an important consideration in managing the child's pain?
- A. Give only an opioid analgesic at this time.
- B. Increase the dosage of analgesic until the child is adequately sedated.
- C. Plan a preventive schedule of pain medication around the clock.
- D. Give the child a clock and explain when they can have pain medications.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: For severe postoperative pain, a preventive around-the-clock schedule is necessary to prevent decreased plasma levels of medications. Providing only an opioid analgesic at this time may not be sufficient for effective pain management. Increasing the dosage without an order is unsafe and may lead to oversedation. Planning a preventive schedule of pain medication around the clock ensures consistent pain relief and better management. Giving the child a clock and explaining when they can have pain medications may increase the child's focus on waiting for relief rather than addressing the pain promptly, making it a less effective strategy.
A child has a planned hospitalization in a few weeks, and the client and family appear very stressed. Which nursing action will minimize their stress?
- A. Telling the client and family that everything will be fine
- B. Explaining how the child will benefit from the surgery
- C. Telling the client and family that the surgeon is very good
- D. Giving a tour of the hospital unit or surgical area
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct nursing action to minimize the stress of the child and family is giving a tour of the hospital unit or surgical area. Familiarizing them with the hospital environment can help reduce their anxiety by allowing them to see where the child will be staying and the surroundings. Choices A, B, and C do not directly address the need to reduce stress by providing a tangible way to alleviate anxiety through exposure to the hospital setting.